An Overview of the Tax System in the Republic of Armenia
The Republic of Armenia has a well-defined tax system governed by its Tax Code and Constitution. According to the Tax Code, taxes are mandatory and gratuitous payments made by taxpayers to the state and municipal budgets. These payments are essential for fulfilling state and public needs and must be made according to specific regulations and deadlines set by the Tax Code.
The Armenian Constitution mandates that everyone must pay taxes, duties, and other obligatory payments to the state or municipal budget in accordance with the law. The Armenian Government is responsible for implementing tax policy, which it does through the State Revenue Committee. This committee operates under the guidelines of the RA Constitution and the RA Tax Code. It is the primary tax authority in Armenia, responsible for overseeing resident organizations and individuals. It ensures that tax obligations are met, initiates proceedings to enforce compliance, and monitors the progress of tax collections.
The main types of taxes in Armenia include Value Added Tax (VAT), Excise Tax, Profit Tax, Income Tax, Environmental Tax, Road Tax, Turnover Tax, Real Estate Tax, and Vehicle Property Tax. These taxes are exclusively defined by the RA Tax Code, and no other taxes can exist outside of this framework.
Corporate Taxes
Value Added Tax (VAT):
VAT is applied to the supply of goods, performance of works, and provision of services. It is paid by organizations, individuals, and notaries who qualify as VAT payers and whose sales turnover exceeds 115 million AMD. The VAT rate is 20%.
Profit Tax:
This tax is levied on the gross income of resident organizations, individual entrepreneurs, notaries, investment funds, non-resident organizations, and non-resident individuals with activities or income sources in Armenia. The profit tax rate is 18%.
Income Tax:
Income tax is paid by both resident and non-resident individuals on their gross income from sources within Armenia. This includes income from employment contracts, civil law contracts with resident taxpayers, and passive income. The income tax rate, effective from January 1, 2023, is 20%. Payments are due by the 20th of each month.
Turnover Tax:
Turnover tax replaces VAT and profit tax for entities with a sales turnover not exceeding 115 million AMD, provided they declare themselves as turnover tax payers before February 20 of the tax year. The tax rates vary: 5% for sales income, 3.5% for production activities, 10% for rental fees and real estate transactions, and 6% for public catering and 5 % for other activities.
Tax Benefits and Responsibilities
The Armenian tax system also provides certain benefits and exceptions for individuals and legal entities. Various measures, such as warnings and fines, are in place to address incorrect or non-payment of taxes. These measures are determined by other laws and regulations of Armenia.
Understanding these key aspects of the Armenian tax system will help foreign individuals and businesses navigate their tax obligations effectively while operating in the Republic of Armenia.