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Citizenship by Investment in Armenia
The Armenian Citizenship Law was amended on July 7, 2022, allowing foreigners to obtain citizenship through a significant economic, cultural, or athletic contribution. The law exempts applicants from standard naturalization requirements. The Cabinet of Ministers will determine evaluation criteria, with a draft decision suggesting various ways to make a significant contribution, such as donations, investments, work experience, cultural promotion, or holding scientific titles in healthcare.
Why an Armenian Passport Deserves Your Attention
Dual Citizenship
Armenia explicitly allows dual citizenship, keeping your original nationality.
Voyage sans visa
Armenian passport grants visa-free access to 65 countries, incl. Russia, China, Iran.
Fast & Simple
Acquiring Armenian passport takes under 4 months, with minimum documents required.
Easy Release
Renouncing Armenian citizenship is simple, provided no government debts or obligations exist.
Since Nov. 28, 1995, Armenia's Loi sur la citoyenneté (Official Gazette of the Parliament 1995/8) has allowed the government to grant citizenship to individuals who have provided "exceptional services" to the Republic of Armenia. This article has been amended several times, with the latest amendment made on July 7, 2022 (effective from July 29, 2022), introducing an additional basis to acquire Armenian citizenship based on "significant contributions" in the fields of economy, science, education, culture, healthcare, and sports. Article 13 exempts applicants from normally applicable naturalization requirements, such as knowledge of Constitution or Armenian language, and residence in Armenia.
Although the "citizenship by exception" option has been available since 1995, the Cabinet of Ministers has yet to confirm the criteria for assessing "significant contributions" in fields of economy, science, education, culture, healthcare, and sports. The deadline for enacting the implementing decree has already passed in January 2023, and it is currently unclear when it will be adopted by the Cabinet of Ministers.
It is likely that the delay is due to the need to refine the text of the implementing decree, as the initial draft published on October 12, 2022, has been criticized and used by the political opposition to accuse the government of endangering national security. On October 19, 2022, Deputy Police Chief Ara Fidanyan annoncé that there will be a limit or quota on the number of citizenships granted under the program and that the program will be subject to further regulation to address national security and anti-money laundering concerns.
Below is the text of article 13 (paragraphs 4 and 9) of the Loi sur la citoyenneté as amended by the Armenian Parliament on July 7, 2022:
"Citizenship of the Republic of Armenia can be granted to those who have provided exceptional services to the Republic of Armenia, as well as to persons with a significant contribution in the areas of economy, science, education, culture, healthcare, athletics, without the need to comply with sub-paragraphs 1, 2, and 3 of the first paragraph or the second paragraph of this article. The description and criteria for assessing significant contribution in the areas of economy, science, education, culture, healthcare, athletics shall be defined by a decision of the Government of the Republic of Armenia."
"Persons who have received citizenship of the Republic of Armenia under paragraph 4 of this article must appear before the authorized body of the Government of the Republic of Armenia to participate in the oath ceremony and receive a passport of a citizen of the Republic of Armenia."
It is likely that this means successful applicants will have to travel to Armenia and obtain their passport from the Immigration Office (Ministry of Internal Affairs).
The last article of the July 7, 2022 amendment stipulates the following:
"This law shall take effect on the tenth day following its official publication, and the sub-legislative act referred to in article 1 of this law shall be enacted within six months after the entry into force of this law."
The Cabinet of Ministers has not yet adopted the criteria for assessing "significant contribution" in the fields of economy, science, education, culture, healthcare, and sports. However, a projet de décision published on October 12, 2022, provides an idea of what the government may consider as significant contributions. The following criteria were suggested in the draft:
- Donation of $150,000 to a scientific or educational foundation
- Investment of $100,000 in an IT company or venture fund
- Investment of $150,000 in a company and holding the investment for 10 years
- Purchase of $150,000 worth of government bonds and holding the investment for 7 years
- Purchase of $150,000 worth of real estate and holding the investment for 10 years
- 20+ years of work experience in a publicly traded IT company
- 10+ years of work experience in science and authoring 5+ scientific articles
- Engagement in dissemination and preservation of Armenian culture, heritage, and identity
- Scientific title of docent or professor in the area of healthcare.
It is important to note that these criteria are still in draft form and subject to change. The final criteria will be defined by a decision of the Cabinet of Ministers.
Below is the text of the draft decision published on October 12, 2022.
Draft decision of the Government of the Republic of Armenia on determining the description and evaluation criteria of a significant contribution in areas of economy, science, education, culture, healthcare, sports.
Annex 1. Description and evaluation criteria of a significant contribution in the area of economy
Voici la description et les critères d'évaluation d'une contribution significative dans le domaine de l'économie :
- Gratuitously providing funds of at least USD 150,000 to contribute to the endowment of a foundation established to operate in areas of education or science.
- Investing in the capital (acquisition of shares) of a company in the amount of at least USD 150,000 for a period of at least 10 years.
- Purchasing government bonds in the amount of at least USD 150,000 for a period of at least 7 years.
- Purchasing real estate in the amount of at least USD 150,000 for a period of at least 10 years at the cadastral value approximated to the market value of the real property.
- Investing in any government-approved investment fund in the amount of at least USD 150,000 for a period of at least 10 years.
- Establishing a company operating in the area of high and/or information technologies with a capital of at least USD 1 million, provided that the founder's center of vital interests is located in Armenia.
- Establishing a branch office of a foreign information technologies company in Armenia with a capital of at least USD 100 million and at least 500 employees in Armenia.
- Establishing a venture fund in Armenia with a capital of at least USD 80 million.
- Financial investment of at least USD 100,000 in a company operating in the area of information technologies or a venture fund.
- Having 20 or more years of work experience in high and/or information technology companies listed on the New York, Frankfurt, or London stock exchanges.
- Long-term (not less than 5 years) active work in the international structures of the postal sector, as well as making financial, material, and technical investments in the field of at least USD 250,000.
Annex 2. Description and evaluation criteria of a significant contribution in the areas of science, education, culture, sports
Voici la description et les critères d'évaluation d'une contribution significative dans les domaines de la science, de l'éducation, de la culture, du sport :
- Having at least 10 years of scientific or scientific-technical work experience, a scientific degree, an invention patent, or national awards or honorary degrees in the field of science. Additionally, being the author or co-author of at least five scientific articles published in authoritative international scientific information databases during the last ten years.
- Making a significant contribution to the dissemination and development of Armenian culture, having long-term active cooperation with Armenian figures or organizations of culture and art, significant participation in the preservation of Armenian culture, public and charitable activities, international recognition and reputation of the applicant that can be used to strengthen the international position and popularize Armenian culture.
- Taking an active part in the development of Armenology, philanthropy, and long-term activities aimed at preserving Armenianness, winning prizes in world prestigious competitions or festivals, carrying out innovative-experimental projects with substantial results, contributing to the preservation of Armenianness, or acting for the benefit of Armenia.
Annex 3. Description and evaluation criteria of a significant contribution in the area of healthcare
Voici la description et les critères d'évaluation d'une contribution significative dans le domaine de la santé :
- Having a scientific title of docent or professor in the field of healthcare, or being awarded a national award or medal for active charitable activities, as well as other outstanding services in the area of healthcare.
- Providing medical assistance and services in the medical organizations of Armenia or Artsakh during times of war.
As the Cabinet of Ministers has not yet approved the criteria for assessing "significant contributions," it is currently not possible to apply for citizenship based on such a contribution.
However, it is still possible to apply for citizenship based on the "exceptional services" provision of the 1995 Citizenship Law. Citizenship by exception is granted in an expedited manner (usually within 2-3 months), as the Prime Minister's office can directly present candidates to the President. Each case is considered on its individual merits, taking into account factors such as the size of investment and/or charitable contributions, job creation, tax payments, the applicant's nationality, ties to the country, and more.
The Ultimate Guide to Acquiring Armenian Citizenship
The Citizenship Law of Armenia allows for dual citizenship, and obtaining an Armenian passport can provide a number of benefits such as having a valuable travel document and enjoying preferential treatment in Russia and other EAEU countries. This can also serve as a "insurance policy" in case of worsening economic or political situations in one's home country, as well as providing opportunities for owning land in Armenia and government assistance such as education and medical treatment. The process of acquiring an Armenian passport is fast and easy, and children of Armenian citizens can also acquire citizenship regardless of their place of birth or residence.
- Dual Citizenship Permitted. Armenia has expressly allowed dual citizenship for its citizens, meaning that it is possible to hold more than one passport at the same time.
- Valuable Travel Document. As of 2023, the Armenian passport ranks 80th according to Index des passeports Henley & Partners, et permet de voyager sans visa à 65 pays, y compris les lieux avec un accès limité aux ressortissants des pays occidentaux, tels que la Russie, la Chine, l'Iran, l'Ouzbékistan et d'autres. Les pays de l'UE/Schengen ont toujours un régime de visa avec l'Arménie, mais les voyages sans visa pourraient devenir possibles dans quelques années. Les États-Unis offrent des visas B de 10 ans aux citoyens arméniens ainsi que des visas d'affaires E-2.
- Increased Freedom and Opportunities. Holding a second passport can provide you with more freedom and opportunities, and can serve as a valuable "insurance policy." Armenia is known for its safety and low crime rates. If the economic or political situation in your home country deteriorates, having an Armenian passport can allow you and your family to temporarily or permanently move to Armenia. Additionally, a second passport can help you avoid problems arising from your country's foreign policies and domestic regulations, such as banking difficulties or increased tax burdens. It can also be useful for privacy or in situations where your first passport is expired, lost, or confiscated. Lastly, a second passport is necessary if you ever decide to renounce your current citizenship.
- Citizenship Transfers to Future Generations. After acquiring Armenian citizenship, your minor children can automatically receive Armenian passports, and your spouse may become eligible to apply for citizenship. According to Armenian law, a child born to an Armenian father or mother can easily acquire Armenian citizenship, regardless of their place of birth or residence. In other words, your children and grandchildren will be eligible to obtain Armenian passports even if they do not live in Armenia.
- Preferential Treatment in EAEU Countries. Because of the free movement of labor in EAEU countries (Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia), citizens of Armenia are exempt from work permit requirements and can take advantage of preferential treatment in areas of labor law, social protection, medical treatment, taxation, immigration, and more.
- Quick, Simple, and Inexpensive Naturalization Process. The process of acquiring an Armenian passport typically takes about four months. Once your application is approved, you can receive your Armenian passport and national ID in a matter of days. Minimal documents are required, and police certificates, proof of address, and tax returns are not necessary. Government fees are also low, even when using optional fast-track services.
- Land Ownership. As an Armenian citizen, you have the privilege of owning agricultural, forest, and other types of land in Armenia, which is generally not available to foreigners.
- Government Support. Armenia offers a range of social programs for its citizens, including government-financed education and medical treatment, welfare benefits for the elderly, disabled, and other classes of socially vulnerable people.
- Tax Benefits. Obtaining an Armenian passport and establishing stronger ties with Armenia could qualify you for non-resident status in your home country or other countries and provide access to tax benefits available to non-residents. You can obtain documents such as a proof of registered address in Armenia, social security number, taxpayer identification number, and tax residency certificate, among others.
- Easy Renunciation. If you ever decide to give up your Armenian citizenship, it is easy to do so as long as you have no outstanding debts or obligations to the government.
While ethnic Armenians are exempt from meeting language or residency requirements for Armenian citizenship, certain formal requirements must be met to establish Armenian origin. An Armenian name or fluency in the language is insufficient. You must produce a document proving that you, your parent, or grandparent are of Armenian ethnicity. The most common way to do this is by presenting a baptism certificate from a church organization that confirms Armenian ethnicity. In some countries, government-issued documents such as birth certificates or family records may also indicate Armenian ethnicity. A list of accepted churches whose baptism certificates are recognized by the government is available in Annex 4 to Government Decree No. 1390/2007 (in Armenian). If it is uncertain whether your church is on the approved list of church organizations, you may need to obtain a confirmation letter from one of the following authorities: the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, Holy See of Cilicia, Armenian Evangelical Church, or Armenian Catholic Church.
While the Armenian law does not provide a complete list of documents to prove Armenian origin, it is crucial that the document is legalized by the Armenian embassy/consulate in the issuing country. For example, if a baptism certificate is used to establish Armenian origin it needs to be certified by the Armenian embassy before applying for citizenship. A certified copy of your birth certificate in Armenian will also be required.
According to article 47 of the 2015 Constitution, ethnic Armenians can obtain citizenship upon moving to Armenia. Suggested amendments to the Citizenship Law were recently published by the National Security Service (NSS) that may make it more difficult for ethnic Armenians to apply for citizenship. The NSS recommends restricting eligibility to those with a permis de résidence, but it is uncertain if/when these changes will be approved. To take advantage of current, more liberal regulations, it is advisable to proceed with the petition promptly.
Spouses of Armenian citizens may apply for citizenship if they meet two criteria: the marriage must be registered for at least two years and they must have resided in Armenia for 365 days during that period. In practice, the application will be accepted if the spouse has maintained an Armenian residence permit during this time, regardless of the actual days spent in Armenia.
If you have a minor or adult child who is an Armenian national, you are eligible to apply for citizenship regardless of your marital status. This is considered a separate legal basis for citizenship application. It should be noted that in certain cases, the Passport Office may require a marriage certificate to establish paternity.
Before submitting your application, you must pass a multiple-choice test on the knowledge of the Armenian Constitution. The test has 33 questions, and you only need to answer 17 correctly to pass. You may be accompanied by a licensed translator to assist in translating the questions if you do not know Armenian.
Please be aware that fulfilling the aforementioned requirements does not ensure the approval of your citizenship application.
Si vous avez vécu en Arménie de manière permanente au cours des trois dernières années, vous pouvez demander la citoyenneté arménienne. Cependant, le terme « résident permanent » n'est pas clairement défini par la loi sur la citoyenneté. En pratique, la police acceptera et traitera une demande de citoyenneté si le demandeur a conservé un permis de séjour arménien (temporaire, permanent ou spécial) pendant la période de trois ans.
En plus de l'exigence de résidence, vous devrez passer un test sur vos connaissances de la Constitution arménienne. Il s'agit d'un test à choix multiples avec 33 questions, et vous n'avez qu'à répondre correctement à 17 d'entre elles pour réussir. Le test est administré en arménien et il vous sera demandé de remplir un formulaire biographique aussi en arménien. Cela signifie que vous devrez peut-être passer du temps (peut-être quelques mois) à apprendre l'arménien de base.
Il est important de noter que le respect des exigences ci-dessus ne garantit pas que votre demande de citoyenneté sera approuvée. Si votre demande est rejetée, vous pouvez présenter une nouvelle demande après un an. De plus, si votre demande est rejetée, vous pouvez faire appel de la décision devant le tribunal. Cependant, les procédures devant les tribunaux administratifs sont susceptibles de prendre jusqu'à un an, voire plus.
Investing, setting up a business, working, or studying in Armenia may grant you lawful residency. For more information, check the residency page.
For more information, please check this page on citizenship by residency.
Citizenship by exception can be granted in 2-3 months to those who provide exceptional services, including substantial donations or investments. The Prime Minister's office can directly present candidates to the President, and each case is evaluated on individual merits. Factors that may influence the decision include investment size, charitable contributions, job creation, tax payment, nationality, and ties to the country.
If you were a permanent resident of Armenia as of July 13, 1995, and a citizen of the former Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic without any other citizenship, you are automatically recognized as an Armenian citizen.
If you do not have any other citizenship, you can apply to be recognized as an Armenian citizen. You can apply if you are an ethnic Armenian and a former citizen of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic who does not reside in Armenia, or if you reside in Armenia and were a citizen of the former U.S.S.R. or an ethnic Armenian.
If you are unsure about whether you are recognized as an Armenian citizen, you can send a written inquiry to the Passport Office. They will typically confirm your status in writing within a few weeks. You may also authorize your lawyer or representative to send this inquiry on your behalf.
Before Armenia legalized dual citizenship in 2005, many ethnic Armenians obtained special passports to avoid renouncing their existing citizenship. Even today, some foreigners prefer to apply for special residency instead of becoming full citizens, often due to concerns about military service.
The special residence permit is valid for 10 years and can be extended indefinitely, and allows the holder to live, work, study, and engage in any other lawful activity in Armenia without additional paperwork. One notable advantage of the special passport is that its holder can own agricultural and other land directly in his/her own name, without the need to establish a legal entity. The special residence permit looks different from temporary/permanent residence permits as it is issued in the form a passport, not a card. Special passports are typically issued to ethnic Armenians, but in some exceptional cases, non-Armenians engaged in economic or cultural activities in Armenia may also be eligible. Children under 16 can also get special passports. The time required to obtain a special passport is around 60-90 days. Unlike applying for citizenship, you can apply for a special passport through a representative by granting them a power of attorney.
Individuals of Armenian descent/origin can also qualify for temporary and permanent residence permits. Some ethnic Armenians may prefer a residence permit over citizenship, particularly if it is difficult to produce a legalized birth certificate. Additionally, obtaining a residence permit rather than citizenship can help individuals avoid registering with the military office or avoid having to renounce their current citizenship, particularly if their country of origin does not allow dual citizenship.
If you are an Armenian citizen, you can request immediate citizenship for your minor children. However, if you do not live in Armenia, the consent of the child's other parent may be required, and if the child is 14 years old or older, his/her consent is also necessary. Passports for children can be issued without your presence if you provide a power of attorney to your lawyer or other representative in Armenia. Starting in 2018, it became possible for an ethnic Armenian child to obtain Armenian citizenship even if neither parent is an Armenian citizen.
Adult sons and daughters generally have to go through a separate naturalization process and meet the requirements outlined in the Armenian Citizenship Law.
If your are a spouse or a parent of an Armenian citizen, you may be eligible to apply for citizenship if you meet the criteria specified above under "Citizenship for Spouses and Parents".
Once you are granted Armenian citizenship, your spouse, parents, children, siblings, grandparents or grandchildren can apply for a temporary permis de résidence which is valid for one year. After three years of residence in Armenia, a permanent residence permit, which is valid for five years, may also be available. In exceptional cases, a special residence status, valid for ten years, may be granted (see above under "Special Passport and Other Residence Permits").
Once your citizenship is granted and the President of the Republic signs your citizenship decree, you may apply for an Armenian passport and an identification card. You have the option of choosing between a regular passport or a biometric passport (the issuance of biometric passports is currently suspended until 2024). If you initially apply for a regular passport, you can later apply for and obtain a biometric passport and have both passports valid. However, please note that the biometric passport shows your "place of residence," so if you prefer not to have this information on your passport, it is better to choose the regular passport.
You can also obtain an identification document (ID card), which is issued as a plastic card and displays your social security number (public services number).
In addition to the government fees outlined below, it is important to keep in mind that there may be additional expenses associated with the citizenship application process. These can include legal fees, translation and notarization fees, and other costs specific to your case. We recommend contacting us for an estimate of your overall budget.
Un service | Frais gouvernementaux | |
---|---|---|
Demande de citoyenneté | 1,000 ($3) | |
Passeport régulier | 1,000 ($3) | |
Passeport biométrique | 25,000 ($64) | |
Carte d'identité | 3,000 ($8) | |
Enregistrement d'adresse | 1,000 ($3) | |
Délivrance rapide d'un passeport ou d'une carte d'identité | Jour ouvrable suivant | 20,000 ($52) |
Trois jours ouvrables | 10,000 ($26) | |
Cinq jours ouvrables | 5,000 ($13) |
Les étapes, le calendrier et les documents dépendront de la nature et du fondement juridique de votre demande. A titre illustratif, si vous envisagez d'obtenir un permis de séjour arménien en tant qu'investisseur, vous devrez suivre ces étapes :
Step 1 - Prepare Documents. This step involves obtaining the necessary documents, such as a birth certificate, marriage certificate, proof of Armenian ethnicity or other relevant documents. These documents may require additional certification such as consular legalization or Apostille. It is also necessary to provide biographical information to complete the required application forms.
Step 2 - Book an Appointment. Currently, the Immigration Office mandates that all appointments be scheduled in advance using an online booking system (https://e-request.am/en). The waiting periods for these appointments may range from a few weeks to a few months.
Step 3 - Visit Armenia. For applicants who choose to file their citizenship applications at an Armenian embassy or consular office abroad, the process may take longer as the required documents will have to be sent to Armenia and returned. If you choose to file your application in person at the Passport Office in Armenia, the duration of your stay will depend on your individual circumstances. Typically, a 2-3 day stay in Armenia should be sufficient for the translation of documents and the filing of the application. It is advisable to check the visa requirements for your country and whether an invitation letter is needed before filing your application.
Step 4 - Submit the Citizenship Application. It is required to submit the application in person at the Passport Office. It is recommended to have a lawyer accompany you to ensure a smooth process. Supporting documents must also be submitted at this stage, and it is important to note that if you are applying based on residency or marriage to an Armenian citizen, you will be required to take a test on knowledge of the Armenian Constitution.
Step 5 - Track the Application Status. Once an application for citizenship is submitted, it will usually take up to 90 business days for processing. The application will be evaluated by both the Police and the National Security Service. If these agencies issue a negative opinion, the case will be referred to the Citizenship Committee for further review, which could extend the process to 6 months. If there are any questions or concerns about the documents submitted, the security officers may contact the applicant or their lawyer to request additional information or documents. Once a decision is made, the Passport Office will notify the applicant or lawyer, and it is also possible to check the status of the application online at http://212.73.76.101/.
Step 6. Visit the Passport Office. Once your citizenship is granted, you will need to visit Armenia again to apply for and receive your passport and national ID card. This process usually takes 3-8 business days, depending on whether you need to register with the military office and whether you are willing to pay additional fees for expedited services. However, since June 25, 2022, the law now allows first-time applicants to obtain their passports at Armenian embassies/consulates abroad. If you have an obligation to register with the Military Office, it may be more convenient to apply for your passport at an Armenian embassy or consulate.
Step 7. Register with Military Office. If you are a male under the age of 55, it is likely that you will have to register with the military office in Armenia. If you have served in the military of another country, it is recommended that you bring a legalized document (consular legalization or Apostille) confirming this. The military registration process in Armenia usually takes 3-5 days. It may be a good idea to apply for your passport and undergo the military registration process at an Armenian embassy or consulate, even though this will make the process longer.
Step 8. Apply for a Passport and an ID card. Currently, when applying for an Armenian passport, you have the option to choose between a regular passport or a biometric one. The process of obtaining a regular passport may take up to three weeks, unless you opt for a fast-track service which will allow you to receive your passport or ID card on the next business day, or in three to five business days. During this stage, you will also have to register your address, and if you want to register a local Armenian address, you may need to provide proof of residence (such as a lease agreement or owner's consent). It is important to note that the issuance of biometric passports is currently suspended until 2024.
Step 9. Take the Oath and Collect the Passport. The applicant will be given a specific date and time (usually at 4 PM) to appear at the Passport Office to collect their passport and ID card. Before receiving the documents, the applicant will be required to sign an oath of allegiance to Armenia.
N'oubliez pas de comptabiliser les frais juridiques et autres dépenses, telles que les frais gouvernementaux, l'envoi postal, la traduction et la notarisation. Pour plus d'informations, n'hésitez pas à nous contacter.
Applicants are typically notified of the rejection by text message, which does not provide the specific reasons for the rejection. The government has the authority to reject a citizenship application without providing any reasons, according to the law. The National Security Service is responsible for making decisions on applications, and they may reject an application if they believe it could endanger national security, public order or health, or the rights and liberties of others, as stated in Article 13 of the Citizenship Law. However, this agency is highly secretive and does not report to the Passport Office, so it is not possible to know the specific reasons behind a rejection without going to court.
If your application is rejected, you have two months to appeal the decision in court, but you will need to obtain a copy of the rejection decision from the Passport Office before filing the appeal.
If your application for citizenship is rejected, you may reapply after one year.
It is important to note that military service is mandatory in Armenia for male citizens between the ages of 18 and 27, with a service period of two years. Conscripts are drafted twice a year, in January and July. If you do not wish to serve in the military, it is advisable to wait until after you turn 27 to apply for Armenian citizenship.
Additionally, it is important to understand that acquiring Armenian citizenship does not automatically confer citizenship on minor children. If the other parent of a minor child is not also an Armenian citizen, the child will not become an Armenian citizen upon the parent's acquisition of citizenship. Similarly, a child born after the parent's acquisition of Armenian citizenship will not automatically become an Armenian citizen unless the other parent is also an Armenian citizen.
Individuals between the ages of 27 and 55 who become Armenian citizens are registered in the military reserve and may be summoned for service if mobilization is declared, such as during times of war. However, it is highly unlikely that naturalized citizens who have never served in the Armenian military will be called to duty. Military registration, if required, can take an additional 4-5 business days and may include a medical examination consisting of blood and urine tests, ultrasound, electrocardiography, and a physical examination.
Male citizens under the age of 55 may be required to participate in military training sessions, which usually last up to three weeks. There have been instances where citizens newly registered with the Military Office were asked to report for military training. Therefore, we strongly recommend that you check with the Military Office to confirm their current practices before traveling to Armenia to complete the military registration and collect your passport. If you are a male applicant under the age of 55, it may be wise to complete the military registration at the Armenian embassy/consulate abroad. Please be aware that the Military Office is capable of delivering notifications to Armenian citizens who are residing abroad through the use of Armenian embassies and consulates.
Military service evasion is a criminal offense and may result in imprisonment for up to three years. A criminal case can be initiated against individuals who were registered with the military office and were served a notice but failed to report to start their service. In certain circumstances, exemptions from military service are available, such as for individuals with serious health issues or for humanitarian reasons. Dual citizens may also be exempted from military service if they have served in the military of another country for at least 12 months (18 months for alternative service).
If you require further information regarding military service obligations, please do not hesitate to contact us. Additionally, if you are worried about fulfilling military service requirements, you may wish to consider applying for a special passport (special residency status).
Acquiring Armenian nationality should not have any negative tax consequences, as Armenia's tax system is not based on citizenship. However, if you are a foreign employee or private entrepreneur working in Armenia, obtaining Armenian citizenship may trigger obligations to make social and military contributions.
It is important to note that acquiring Armenian citizenship does not automatically make you a "tax resident." Tax residency is regulated by tax laws, not immigration laws. Becoming a tax resident of Armenia usually requires spending more than 183 days in the country within a year. This means that it is possible to be an Armenian citizen without becoming a tax resident, and vice versa.
Armenia generally does not impose taxes on capital gains from the sale of securities, real estate, or other assets, regardless of where these gains are generated. Certain types of income, such as insurance and pension payments, are also exempt from taxes. Additionally, there are no taxes on gifts, inheritance, or net worth. Dividends and interest income are generally taxed at a rate of 5% and 10% respectively in Armenia.
Tax residents are not generally exempt from paying taxes on income generated outside Armenia. In some cases, exemptions may be available under international agreements for avoiding double taxation, which Armenia has with around 50 countries.
Vous pouvez également être en mesure d'obtenir des documents tels qu'une preuve d'adresse enregistrée en Arménie, un numéro de sécurité sociale, un numéro d'identification fiscale ou un certificat de résidence fiscale.
All Armenian citizens are required to have a registered address. Registered addresses are typically used for delivering official notices.
If a foreign address was provided in your citizenship application, it will automatically be registered as your official address. If you want to register a local address (for example, to have your passport or ID card show "Armenia" as your country of residence), you will need to provide proof that you reside in Armenia. This can include a certificate of ownership or lease for a residential property, or the owner's consent to the registration. If these documents are not available, you may request that the local police verify your residence (which can take up to two weeks).
If you are a male under 55 years of age, registering a different address may require you to register with a different military office located in the new area of your residence.
Consular registration is required if you become a resident of a foreign country, which typically occurs if you stay there for more than 183 days.
Le marché immobilier à Erevan a connu une appréciation rapide ces dernières années, le prix moyen d'un mètre carré dans le centre d'Erevan passant de $885 en décembre 2016 à $1 651 en mai 2022, soit une augmentation de 87% en moins de six ans. Cette croissance peut être attribuée à la croissance de l'économie, à l'augmentation du tourisme et à la demande de nouveaux logements parmi les habitants, ainsi qu'aux prêts hypothécaires subventionnés et à l'appréciation de la monnaie locale en 2022.
Le processus d'achat d'une propriété en Arménie est efficace et rapide, le pays se classant 13ème sur 190 pays sur le "Enregistrement de la propriété" de la Banque mondiale indice. Il est même possible d'acheter des propriétés à distance sans visiter le pays.
L'Arménie n'a pas d'impôt sur les donations ou sur les successions, et les gains en capital sur la vente d'un bien immobilier par un particulier ne sont généralement pas imposés. Les taux de la taxe foncière varient de 0% à 1% de la valeur cadastrale, qui est normalement nettement inférieure à la valeur marchande. Les droits de timbre ne sont pas applicables et seuls de petits frais officiels sont payés, qui ne dépendent pas de la valeur de la propriété. Les revenus locatifs jusqu'à 60 millions de drams arméniens (environ $155 000) par an sont imposés à 10%, et les revenus locatifs dépassant ce montant sont imposés à 20%.
Les étrangers peuvent posséder 100% de biens immobiliers en Arménie, et ils ont les mêmes droits que les locaux pour acquérir, détenir, louer, vendre, léguer et autrement disposer de leur propriété. Les étrangers n'ont pas besoin d'avoir un permis de séjour ou tout autre lien avec l'Arménie. Dans l'ensemble, le marché immobilier en Arménie offre de grandes opportunités aux investisseurs étrangers qui cherchent à diversifier leur portefeuille et à profiter d'une économie en croissance.
Vous voudrez peut-être envisager d'acheter une propriété sur plan auprès de promoteurs immobiliers et voir des gains en capital non imposables de 20-30% une fois la construction terminée. Il existe de nombreux projets de construction parmi lesquels choisir, et vous pouvez trouver plus d'informations sur des sites Web tels que Armeconombank, Banque ACBA, Inecobank, Ameriabank, Groupe d'investissement rouge, et Construction.am.
Terres, vignobles et vergers
Les terres en Arménie sont classées en fonction de leur utilisation désignée (zonage), y compris agricole, résidentielle, industrielle, énergétique, forestière, etc. Les étrangers peuvent posséder directement des parcelles domestiques et de jardinage, des terres destinées à la construction et à l'entretien d'une propriété familiale et des terrains de développement résidentiel et commercial. D'autres types de terres, comme les terres agricoles, peuvent être détenues par l'intermédiaire d'une personne morale. Les titulaires d'un permis de séjour spécial peuvent posséder tous les types de terrains. Il existe certaines restrictions à la construction sur des terres agricoles, bien que les petits bâtiments jusqu'à 30 m². sont autorisés. Dans la plupart des communautés rurales, des structures jusqu'à 300 m². peut être construit sur un terrain supérieur à 10 000 m². Il peut également être possible de modifier le zonage du terrain avec l'aide de la municipalité locale.
Si vous êtes intéressé par les investissements agricoles, vous pourriez envisager l'arboriculture fruitière ou la viticulture, qui sont l'un des secteurs économiques les plus anciens d'Arménie, avec plus de 60 000 entités actives dans cette industrie. Les formes de culture les plus populaires sont le raisin, l'abricotier et la pêche. Entre 1998 et 2016, le territoire des vergers a doublé, et le rendement a augmenté de 14,5% entre 2008 et 2017 grâce à la mise en place de technologies innovantes. Vous pouvez choisir d'acheter une ferme existante ou d'en créer une nouvelle, et vous pourriez être admissible à une subvention gouvernementale. Deux types de subventions sont disponibles : une indemnisation jusqu'à 50% des frais engagés pour l'implantation d'un vignoble (verger) ou un prêt à taux réduit (2%) d'un montant maximum de $2,9 millions pour les vignobles, $5 millions pour les vergers, et $4,7 millions pour les fermes de baies.
Dépôts bancaires, actions, obligations et or
Vous pouvez être admissible à la résidence en Arménie en achetant une entreprise existante ou une part dans une. Cependant, ces transactions peuvent être plus compliquées en raison des vérifications préalables nécessaires et des questions d'évaluation. Si vous souhaitez investir dans des petites et moyennes entreprises, vous pouvez trouver des offres sur le site Invest in Armenia : https://investin.am/investment-projects/. La bourse arménienne répertorie également quelques grandes entreprises : https://amx.am/en/instruments/shares.
Bien que peu d'entreprises soient cotées à la bourse arménienne, beaucoup émettent des obligations d'entreprise avec des rendements relativement élevés (supérieurs à 11% en monnaie locale et 6% en USD). Le gouvernement arménien émet également des obligations à court et à long terme, généralement avec des taux d'intérêt annuels supérieurs à 10%. Vous pouvez trouver plus d'informations sur le site de la bourse et à moneymarket.am.
Les intérêts payés sur les dépôts bancaires en Arménie sont relativement élevés, avec des taux annuels allant jusqu'à 10% pour les dépôts en monnaie locale et 5% pour les dépôts en USD. Les dépôts peuvent également être effectués en euros et en roubles russes, et des informations sur les taux d'intérêt actuels sur les dépôts sont disponibles sur moneymarket.am. Bien que le dram arménien se soit apprécié par rapport au dollar américain d'environ 20% en 2022, les taux de change sont restés globalement stables au cours des dernières décennies. Les banques retiennent généralement une taxe 10% sur les paiements d'intérêts. Vous pouvez également trouver des informations sur les prix actuels des lingots d'or (allant de 1 gramme à 1 000 grammes) sur moneymarket.am. La plupart des banques offrent des services de coffre-fort, vous permettant d'acheter des lingots d'or et de les conserver dans un endroit sûr.
Toutes les banques en Arménie sont agréées et étroitement réglementées par la Banque centrale d'Arménie. Un système d'assurance des dépôts est également en place, couvrant les dépôts jusqu'à 16 millions AMD (environ $41 000) pour les dépôts en monnaie locale et 7 millions AMD (environ $18 000) pour les dépôts en devises. Cependant, le système n'a jamais été utilisé car il n'y a pas eu de panique bancaire dans l'histoire récente.
La création d'une LLC en Arménie est un processus rapide et simple, qui peut être effectué entièrement à distance. Il n'y a aucune limite à la propriété étrangère ou à la gestion des entreprises, aucune exigence d'investissement minimum et aucun frais de renouvellement à craindre. Les actionnaires bénéficient d'une responsabilité limitée et peuvent utiliser la structure LLC à des fins de protection des actifs ou d'optimisation fiscale. L'Arménie bénéficie également d'une réglementation fiscale favorable aux petites entreprises, dont beaucoup sont totalement exonérées d'impôts. En outre, les entreprises informatiques peuvent bénéficier d'incitations fiscales spéciales.
Avantages: L'enregistrement d'une LLC en Arménie présente plusieurs avantages, notamment :
Processus d'inscription rapide (généralement en quelques jours)
Les actionnaires bénéficient d'une responsabilité limitée
Exigences minimales en matière de documentation (seuls les passeports sont nécessaires)
Aucune restriction sur la propriété étrangère ou la direction
Aucune exigence de capital minimum
Pas besoin d'engager des partenaires locaux, des agents, des gestionnaires, des secrétaires, etc.
Existence permanente sans frais de renouvellement
Comptes bancaires disponibles dans différentes devises
Aucune restriction sur le rapatriement des bénéfices et du capital
Pour plus d'informations, veuillez consulter la page sur incorporation.
Imposition: L'Arménie offre des taux d'imposition avantageux pour les petites entreprises. De nombreux types d'entreprises dont le chiffre d'affaires annuel est inférieur à 24 millions AMD (équivalent à environ $62 000 en mars 2023) sont exonérées d'impôt sur le revenu. Les autres entreprises dont le chiffre d'affaires annuel est inférieur à 115 millions AMD (environ $297 000) sont également exonérées d'impôt sur le revenu mais sont soumises à une taxe sur les ventes (taxe sur le chiffre d'affaires) de 5% ou moins. Les sociétés informatiques nouvellement enregistrées et les entreprises opérant dans les zones économiques franches, les zones industrielles et certaines villes et villages frontaliers peuvent également bénéficier d'exonérations fiscales.
Une LLC enregistrée en Arménie est considérée comme un résident fiscal d'Arménie et est imposée sur son revenu mondial. Les taux d'imposition sont généralement les mêmes, que les revenus proviennent d'Arménie ou d'un autre pays.
La protection des actifs: Une LLC arménienne peut être utilisée comme société holding pour les actifs. La création d'une "microentreprise" LLC exonérée d'impôt peut être avantageuse pour recevoir des revenus passifs, tels que des dividendes, jusqu'à 24 millions AMD (environ $62 000) par an. De plus, les revenus provenant de la vente d'actifs financiers ne sont pas soumis à l'impôt, quel qu'en soit le montant. Cependant, il est important d'éviter d'être classé comme une "société d'investissement", qui nécessite une licence.
Bien qu'il soit possible d'utiliser une SARL pour posséder des biens immobiliers en Arménie ou dans d'autres pays, les lois fiscales arméniennes rendent généralement plus avantageux la possession de tels biens en tant que particulier pour éviter l'impôt sur les plus-values sur les ventes entre particuliers.
La loi arménienne ne reconnaît pas les fiducies, de sorte que les actifs sont généralement détenus par l'intermédiaire d'une LLC ou d'autres structures d'entreprise telles qu'une société par actions, une fondation ou une coopérative de consommateurs. Les actionnaires nominés et corporatifs et les administrateurs sont autorisés, mais les entreprises doivent déposer des déclarations annuelles divulguant les bénéficiaires effectifs ultimes (UBO).
Bancaire: L'Arménie a un système bancaire bien établi, avec 18 banques privées réglementées par la Banque centrale. Parmi elles, HSBC est une banque internationale, tandis que de nombreuses banques locales ont des capitaux étrangers de pays tels que la Russie (VTB), la France (ACBA), le Liban (Byblos, ID), l'Argentine (Converse), l'Iran (Mellat) et d'autres. Les banques arméniennes offrent des services bancaires modernes, notamment des services bancaires en ligne et mobiles, des cartes de débit et de crédit (Visa, MasterCard, AmEx), des comptes dans diverses devises (USD, EUR, CHF, GBP, CAD, AED, RUR, JPY), des comptes en métal doré , la gestion de fortune, la banque privée et les coffres-forts. Ils ont également des frais peu élevés, une forte confidentialité et un service client de haute qualité.
Assurance santé: En Arménie, les particuliers ne sont pas tenus par la loi d'avoir une assurance maladie. Cependant, les six compagnies d'assurance agréées proposent une assurance maladie, avec des taux annuels variant généralement entre $300 et $600 par personne. Ces sociétés sont Assurance SIL, Rosgosstrakh-Arménie, Nairi Assurance, Ingo Arménie, Reso, et Arménie Assurance.
Permis de conduire: L'obtention d'un permis de conduire arménien est un processus en deux étapes qui consiste à passer un test théorique de conduite sur ordinateur et un test de conduite pratique. Le questions d'examen théorique sont disponibles en arménien, russe, anglais, arabe et farsi. Il y a un total de 1 116 questions et le test se compose de 20 questions avec seulement deux réponses incorrectes autorisées. Pour vous inscrire au test, vous pouvez vous rendre sur le site roadpolice.am et attendez la notification de l'heure et du lieu du test. Si vous réussissez l'examen théorique, vous serez immédiatement autorisé à passer l'examen de conduite. De plus, il est possible d'échanger votre permis de conduire étranger contre un permis arménien si votre permis est délivré par un pays partie à la Convention de Vienne de 1968.
L'enregistrement du mariage: Les étrangers peuvent se marier en Arménie sans aucune obligation de vivre ou d'avoir des liens avec le pays. Le processus d'inscription est généralement rapide et peut être complété en aussi peu que deux jours ouvrables. Cependant, les deux personnes doivent fournir un certificat de « non-mariage » de leur pays de résidence permanente pour confirmer leur état civil. Si un certificat de non-mariage ne peut être obtenu, un affidavit peut être utilisé à la place. Ces documents doivent être légalisés, soit par apostille, soit par légalisation consulaire, et traduits en arménien avant de pouvoir être soumis au ministère arménien de la justice. L'enregistrement à distance avec une procuration peut également être possible.
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Ce qui fait de l'Arménie un bon choix de résidence
Pas de séjour ni de visite
Le maintien de la résidence en Arménie ne nécessite pas de présence physique ; une application à distance est possible.
Rapide et facile
La demande de résidence prend généralement environ 80 jours et seul un passeport valide est requis.
Famille couverte
Les résidents peuvent parrainer la famille élargie pour la résidence (parents, frères et sœurs, petits-enfants, etc.)
Parcours Citoyenneté
Après avoir vécu en Arménie pendant trois ans, la citoyenneté peut être obtenue. La double nationalité est autorisée.
Notre processus éprouvé pour faire de l'Arménie votre deuxième maison
1
Préparation
Dans le cadre du processus de préparation, nous nous occuperons de traduire votre passeport, d'imprimer des photos et de remplir les formulaires nécessaires.
4
Résidence pour Famille
Vous pouvez parrainer votre conjoint, vos enfants, vos parents, vos frères et sœurs, vos grands-parents et vos petits-enfants pour obtenir la résidence en Arménie.
2
Investissement
Pour être admissible à la résidence, vous avez la possibilité de faire un investissement à faible risque dans des obligations d'État ou de faire un don à un projet de développement rural.
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SSN, numéro d'identification fiscale, etc.
Vous pouvez obtenir une attestation de domicile, un numéro de sécurité sociale, un numéro personnel d'identification fiscale, ainsi qu'une attestation de résidence fiscale.
3
Permis de résidence
Les candidats peuvent choisir de demander un permis de séjour temporaire (1 an) ou permanent (5 ans) à distance ou en personne.
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Compte bancaire
Vous pouvez choisir parmi 18 banques proposant des services bancaires en ligne et mobiles, des options Visa et MasterCard, et jusqu'à 11% d'intérêts sur les dépôts en AMD, RUR, etc.
Ce que disent les clients
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Dans l'ensemble, j'ai trouvé que ça n'aurait pas pu être mieux. Tout a été pris en charge si facilement, sans effort et très bien géré.
Jagdish n.
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C'est toujours intimidant lorsqu'il s'agit d'immigration, de visas, etc. dans un pays étranger. L'équipe de Vardanyan & Partners a rendu le processus d'enregistrement de l'entreprise et de demande de résidence tellement plus facile. Je n'ai eu aucun souci. L'équipe dans son ensemble s'est vraiment mise en quatre pour nous accueillir et nous aider.
Nadine B.
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Les membres de l'équipe étaient tous professionnels, compétents et, surtout, honnêtes. Ils sont travailleurs et patients et ont toujours répondu à mes messages et questions. Ce que j'aime le plus, c'est qu'ils sont très bien organisés et ont un système de travail moderne.
H.Rassa
L'Arménie est une nation captivante avec une histoire riche et un avenir prometteur. Notre cabinet s'engage de tout cœur à soutenir les individus et les entreprises qui reconnaissent le potentiel de l'Arménie et sont désireux de contribuer à son succès continu.
Nous espérons que ce site Web vous servira de ressource précieuse pour recueillir les informations dont vous avez besoin. Si vous avez des questions ou avez besoin d'aide supplémentaire, n'hésitez pas à nous contacter. Vous pouvez facilement nous contacter via différents canaux, tels que remplir le formulaire sur notre site Web, nous envoyer un e-mail directement à [email protected], ou nous contacter par téléphone ou par des applications de messagerie populaires telles que WhatsApp, Viber, Telegram et Skype au +374.99. 00.11.67. Nous sommes toujours disponibles pour vous aider de toutes les manières possibles.
Nerses Isajanyan
Avocat directeur
LL.M. Université de Georgetown, autorisée à exercer à la fois en Arménie (licence n° 903) et à New York (licence n° 5148945)
À propos de nous
Vardanyan & Partners est un cabinet d'avocats réputé situé à Erevan, en Arménie, qui fournit d'excellents services juridiques depuis sa création en 2012. Notre équipe d'avocats anglophones agréés localement est spécialisée dans les questions d'immigration, d'incorporation et de conformité, garantissant que les clients recevoir des conseils juridiques d'experts. Nous nous engageons à rester informés des dernières évolutions de la législation et de la réglementation, en veillant à ce que nos clients reçoivent les conseils les plus pertinents et les plus précis. Chez Vardanyan & Partners, nous accordons une grande importance à l'honnêteté, à la transparence et au service client.