如何获得保加利亚居留权:投资和创业选择指南(2026)

亚美尼亚律师 | 全球计划

保加利亚为非欧盟公民提供了一个极具吸引力的居住选择,既经济实惠,又具有欧盟内的战略优势。自 2007 年加入欧盟并于 2024 年加入申根区以来,保加利亚对寻求获得欧洲巨大经济和文化机会的个人的吸引力越来越大。

除了旅行特权之外,保加利亚居留权还为房地产和商业领域的重要投资机会打开了大门,提供了合法减税和进军欧盟市场的便捷途径。在保加利亚居留也是获得保加利亚公民身份的战略步骤,这将提高您的全球流动性并增强您的护照组合。

保加利亚居留资格

要获得保加利亚居留权,外国公民必须满足特定要求并遵循明确规定的程序。保加利亚居留权的资格标准因申请的居留许可类型而异。一般而言,申请人必须证明在保加利亚居留的合法理由,例如工作、学习、家庭关系或投资。

了解这些要求对于成功申请至关重要。每条途径都有自己的一套标准,满足这些标准可确保您的申请顺利高效地得到处理。

保加利亚居留权的好处

亚美尼亚律师 | 全球计划

获得保加利亚居留权为非欧盟公民提供了众多优势,使其成为希望在欧洲生活、工作和旅行的人的一个有吸引力的选择。此外,获得保加利亚永久居留权可以增强稳定性和长期机会,提供与当地公民相似的权利。以下是持有保加利亚居留权的一些主要好处:

欧盟和申根地区旅行福利

保加利亚现已成为申根区的一部分,拥有保加利亚居留权的公民可以自由前往所有申根国家,而无需额外签证。这为欧洲各地的商务旅行、旅游和探亲提供了便利。

税收优惠和商业机会

保加利亚以其优惠的 税务 环境,提供欧盟最低的企业和个人税率之一,仅为 10%。保加利亚居民可以利用这些低税率来减轻在欧盟境内经营企业时的整体税务负担。 

对于投资者来说,保加利亚的生活和劳动力成本相对较低,是建立和发展企业的经济实惠基地。非欧盟居民可受益于保加利亚稳定的经济和有利的商业环境。

家庭团聚选择

保加利亚居留权还支持家庭团聚,允许主要居留权持有者将其家人带到保加利亚。配偶和 18 岁以下的受抚养子女有资格获得家庭团聚签证,使他们能够生活、学习并享受保加利亚居留权的福利。 

非欧盟公民的居留选择

保加利亚通过商业和投资选择为非欧盟公民提供一系列居留途径,以满足不同的创业和投资目标。保加利亚临时居留许可就是其中一种选择,它为外国人在保加利亚短期居住提供了途径。

商业途径:贸易代表处 (TRO) 和有限责任公司 (LLC)

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对于企业家,保加利亚提供两种主要的商业居留选择:设立贸易代表处(TRO)或设立有限责任公司(LLC)。

  • 贸易代表办公室 (TRO) 路线: 对于希望在保加利亚建立非商业存在的外国企业来说,TRO 途径是一种简化的选择。TRO 代表外国公司在保加利亚开展业务,但不直接从事商业活动,因此对于规模较小的公司或处于扩张初期的公司来说,TRO 是理想的选择。

TRO 的资格和要求:

  1. 现有海外业务: TRO 必须代表一家已运营至少两年的外国公司。

  2. 无就业要求: 与 LLC 途径不同,TRO 不需要雇用保加利亚国民,这对于人员需求极少的企业来说具有吸引力。

  3. 人员要求: 调往代表处的人员不必是母公司员工或所有者。但是,一个代表处最多可容纳三名人员。

建立 TRO 和申请居留权的步骤:

  1. 授予授权书: 指定一名代理人来管理 TRO 的设置并协助居留申请。

  2. 在保加利亚工商会(BCCI)注册: 向 BCCI 提交必要的文件,以核实外国公司的法律地位、成立情况和预期活动。

  3. 准备D类签证申请文件: 注册 TRO 后,收集所需文件,包括财务状况证明、健康保险和保加利亚地址。

  4. 提交D类签证申请: 向申请人所在国家的保加利亚大使馆或领事馆提交申请。

  5. 申请居留权: 获得D类签证抵达保加利亚后,根据TRO登记提交居留申请。

TRO 途径提供了一种低成本、低承诺的居留选择,使外国企业主无需雇用当地员工即可建立官方欧盟存在。

  • 成立有限责任公司(LLC): 这种方式在当地被称为 OOD,非常适合那些想要在保加利亚积极开展业务的人。有限责任公司提供了全面运作的法律框架,允许所有者从事商业活动、创造收入和创造就业机会。保加利亚公司可以雇用持有延期居留许可的人,赋予他们与保加利亚公民同样的权利和义务。

设立有限责任公司的要求:

  1. 法律结构: 有限责任公司必须在保加利亚成立为法人实体,并要求最低股本(通常约为 1 欧元)。

  2. 就业要求: 要通过有限责任公司获得居留资格,企业必须雇用至少 10 名全职保加利亚公民。该雇佣关系必须在整个居留期间维持。

建立有限责任公司和申请居留权的关键步骤:

  1. 公司注册: 选择一个唯一的公司名称,指定经营活动,并向保加利亚商业登记处提交必要的文件,包括股东、管理层和公司保加利亚地址的信息。

  2. 开设银行账户: 以有限责任公司的名义设立银行账户并存入初始股本。

  3. 雇用员工: 通过雇用至少十名保加利亚公民并根据保加利亚劳动法签订雇佣合同来满足就业要求。

  4. 申请D类签证: 一旦有限责任公司成立并且满足就业标准,就通过保加利亚领事馆提交 D 类签证申请。

  5. 申请居留权: 获得D类签证进入保加利亚后,完成居留申请程序,链接 居留许可证 至 LLC。

该途径适合在保加利亚寻求长期商业机会的企业家,受益于保加利亚的低企业税和为当地就业做出贡献的机会。


基于投资的居留选择

对于希望学习保加利亚语的个人 通过投资获得居留权 保加利亚提供多种基于财务贡献的居留途径,而非商业运营。这些选择使投资者能够从保加利亚不断增长的经济中受益并获得进入欧盟的机会,途径包括从房地产投资到可直接获得永久居留权的重大资本投资。

房地产投资

获得保加利亚居留权的最直接方法之一是通过房地产投资。通过购买房产,投资者可以为获得临时居留许可建立法律基础,而且准入门槛相对较低。保加利亚临时居留许可在这一途径中起着至关重要的作用,其有效期为 6 至 12 个月,可续签长达 5 年。

要求:

  • 投资者必须至少投资 €312,000 保加利亚房地产。这可以包括住宅、商业或其他类型的房产。

获取财产的流程

  1. 识别和购买财产: 投资者可以直接或通过保加利亚公司购买房地产。投资额必须达到最低312,000欧元。

  2. 申请 D 类签证: 购买房产后,投资者必须在其本国的保加利亚领事馆申请 D 类签证。所需文件包括所有权证明、财务能力证明和健康保险。

  3. 申请居留:获得D类签证后,投资者可以进入保加利亚完成临时居留许可的申请程序,从而获得在保加利亚居住的权利,并方便进入其他欧盟成员国。

这一途径对于寻求在保加利亚居住但无需积极开展商业活动的投资者来说颇具吸引力,并使他们能够从保加利亚房地产市场的潜在回报中获益。


与欧洲其他房地产居住选择的比较

保加利亚的最低投资额为 312,000 欧元,是欧洲最实惠的通过房地产获得居留权的途径之一。与投资门槛高得多的希腊(800,000 欧元)和匈牙利(500,000 欧元)相比,保加利亚的门槛更低。

热门目的地如 西班牙、法国、葡萄牙和意大利 不提供通过房地产投资获得居留权的专门途径。相反,这些国家的居留权往往需要另类投资,例如创业或资本转移,这可能涉及更高的成本和更复杂的要求。

标准

保加利亚

希腊

匈牙利

最低投资额

€312,000

€800,000

€500,000

实际存在要求

没有

居留许可有效期

1年

5 年

      10 年

入籍途径

在10年之后

在7年之后

在8年之后



立即获得永久居留权的替代投资途径

对于那些有意进行较大投资并对当地经济产生影响的人,保加利亚提供了另外两种获得永久居留权的选择。这些途径对于通过大量财务贡献获得永久居留权至关重要。

  1. 长期资产投资与就业:

  • 申请条件:投资 €256,000 在保加利亚公司的长期资产中,另外还要求为保加利亚公民创造至少十个全职工作岗位。

  • 工艺应用: 满足投资和招聘要求后,投资者可申请 D 类签证,抵达保加利亚后可立即获得永久居留许可。此途径非常适合希望做出适度财务承诺同时为当地创造就业机会做出贡献的投资者。

  1. 高资本投资选择:

  • 申请条件: 对于寻求快速获得永久居留权的投资者,保加利亚提供至少投资的选择 3亿欧元 投资保加利亚公司。该投资必须投资于私人公司,其股票不在受监管的市场上公开交易。

  • 工艺应用:通过这项重大投资,投资者可以绕过临时居留权,直接获得永久居留权。在满足 3 万欧元的投资要求后,申请人可以通过保加利亚移民局申请永久居留许可。

这些替代途径为希望在保加利亚获得居住权并做出重大经济贡​​献的高净值人士提供了选择。尤其是高资本投资选项,这是获得永久居住权的快速途径,对那些希望避免漫长的居住权程序的投资者很有吸引力。


D类签证申请流程

D 类签证的重要性

对于所有居留选择,D 类签证都是必不可少的,因为它允许非欧盟公民进入保加利亚完成临时或永久居留申请。该签证有效期最长为六个月,为申请人提供必要的时间来满足保加利亚的居留要求。因此,D 类签证是基础步骤,因为没有它就无法签发保加利亚居留许可。

D类签证申请所需文件

要申请 D 类签证,申请人必须收集并提交一套文件,通常包括:

  1. 护照:有效护照,附首页复印件以及以前的保加利亚签证、申根签证或其他签证。

  2. 财务证明:证明申请人有足够的经济能力维持其在保加利亚停留期间生活的文件,如银行对账单或收入证明。

  3. 医疗保险:一份覆盖申请人整个逗留期间的健康保险,在欧盟境内有效,最低保额为 30,000 欧元,用于支付医疗和遣返费用。

  4. 住宿证明:保加利亚住宿证明,可以包括租赁租约、财产所有权文件或酒店预订。

  5. 附加文件:根据居留途径,申请人可能需要提供其他文件,例如营业执照证明(针对 LLC 和 TRO 申请人)、房产购买文件(针对房地产投资者)或投资证书。

处理时间表和提交

  • .:D 类签证申请必须亲自前往申请人本国或目前居住国的保加利亚大使馆或领事馆提交。申请人需要预约并亲自递交所有所需文件。

  • 申请审理时间:处理通常需要 30个工作日之内 自提交之日起,但这可能会因领事馆的工作量和具体情况而有所不同。建议在计划前往保加利亚之前提前申请。

一旦获得批准,D 类签证允许在保加利亚停留六个月,在此期间,申请人必须完成临时或永久居留许可的必要步骤。

过渡至永久居留权

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对于拥有保加利亚临时居留权的人来说,获得永久居留权是下一个重要步骤。保加利亚永久居留权提供了更多好处,包括更大的稳定性和最终获得公民身份的途径,从而获得欧盟的全部权利。

临时居留权转为永久居留权的要求

要获得保加利亚永久居留权,临时居民必须:

  1. 连续五年保持居住权:申请人必须持有有效的临时居留许可至少五年,且无重大中断。为满足此要求,临时居民通常需要在五年内至少在保加利亚居住 30 个月。
  2. 金融稳定与健康保险:申请人应证明其本人及受抚养人具有持续的财务稳定性和健康保险覆盖证明。

拥有保加利亚永久居留权的优势

保加利亚永久居留权可带来一系列好处:

  • 不受限制的逗留:永久居民可以无限期地居住在保加利亚,无需每年更新居留权。他们只需更新过期的塑料卡即可。
  • 欧盟流动性:保加利亚永久居留权允许更轻松地进入欧盟,并允许免签证或简化入境申根区国家。
  • 家庭团聚:永久居民可以担保符合条件的家庭成员,例如配偶和 21 岁以下的子女,获得保加利亚居留权。
  • 入籍途径:拥有永久居留权五年后,居民有资格通过入籍申请保加利亚公民身份,享受作为欧盟公民的全部权利。

获得保加利亚公民身份的步骤

  1. 持有永久居留权五年:永久居民必须连续至少五年保持该身份才有资格获得公民身份。
  2. 语言和融入要求:尽管保加利亚公民身份的要求不如一些欧盟国家那么严格,但基本的语言能力和融入保加利亚社会可能会有所帮助。
  3. 提交公民身份申请:符合条件后,申请人可提交公民身份申请,由司法部审核。经批准后,申请人将获得保加利亚公民身份,享有充分的欧盟流动性、投票权以及作为欧盟公民享受额外福利的权利。

从临时居留权过渡到永久居留权,并最终获得公民身份,为寻求在保加利亚长期居留或完全公民身份的个人提供了一条安全、渐进的途径。
 

获得保加利亚居留许可可能是一个复杂且耗时的过程,但它也可以提供许多好处,例如进入欧盟、高生活水平和有利的商业环境。为了增加成功申请的机会,了解每种居留许可的资格标准和要求至关重要。 

如需了解其他国家投资计划的更多信息,请访问 我们的网站.

亚美尼亚律师 | Sargsyan Lusine

露西娜·萨尔基相
法律服务

一目了然

  • 房地产投资: BGN 600,000 (~€312,000) for temporary residence
  • Business route (LLC): BGN 500,000 capital + BGN 500,000 fixed assets + 10 full-time Bulgarian employees
  • TRO route: Foreign company operational 2+ years; BGN 100,000 annual turnover for 2 consecutive years
  • Digital nomad permit: Available since June 2025; min. prior income €31,010/year
  • Type D visa processing: 最多35个工作日
  • 税率: 10%统一税率的个人和企业所得税
  • 获得公民身份的途径: ~10 years (5 years temporary + 5 years permanent residency)
  • 申根区准入: Full member since January 2025 (land borders)

Bulgaria offers a compelling residency option for non-EU citizens, combining affordability with strategic advantages within the European Union. Since joining the EU in 2007 and achieving full Schengen membership — air and sea borders in March 2024, land borders in January 2025 — Bulgaria has become increasingly attractive for individuals seeking access to Europe’s vast economic and cultural opportunities.

Beyond travel privileges, Bulgarian residency opens doors to significant investment opportunities in real estate and business, providing an accessible pathway to benefit from low taxes and expand into EU markets. Residency in Bulgaria can also be a strategic step toward obtaining Bulgarian citizenship, which enhances your global mobility and strengthens your passport portfolio.

Benefits of Bulgarian residency

Obtaining Bulgarian residency offers numerous advantages for non-EU citizens, making it an appealing option for those looking to live, work, and travel within Europe.

Travel within the EU and Schengen

With Bulgaria now a full Schengen member, Bulgarian residency provides the freedom to travel within all Schengen countries without additional visas. Bulgarian residence permit holders enjoy standard 90/180-day Schengen mobility, facilitating business travel, tourism, and family visits across Europe.

Tax advantages and business opportunities

Bulgaria offers one of the lowest tax environments in the EU with a flat 10% personal income tax and a flat 10% corporate income tax. Bulgarian residents can leverage these rates to reduce their overall tax burden while operating businesses within the EU. The Pillar Two global minimum tax of 15% applies only to large multinationals, so most investors and small to mid-sized businesses continue to benefit from the 10% rates.

For investors, Bulgaria also offers a relatively low cost of living and labor, making it a cost-effective base for establishing and growing a business.

家庭团聚

Bulgarian residency supports family unity by allowing primary residency holders to bring their family members to Bulgaria. Spouses and dependent children under the age of 18 are eligible for family reunification visas for temporary residents. Permanent residents can sponsor children under 21. Under new Article 33f (enacted June 2025), sponsors must hold at least one year of legal residence before applying for family reunification, and applications undergo a security review with a one-month processing period.

Business residency pathways

Bulgaria provides two main business residency options for non-EU entrepreneurs: setting up a Trade Representative Office (TRO) or establishing a Limited Liability Company (LLC).

贸易代表办公室(TRO)

对于希望在保加利亚建立非商业存在的外国企业来说,TRO 途径是一种简化的选择。TRO 代表外国公司在保加利亚开展业务,但不直接从事商业活动,因此对于规模较小的公司或处于扩张初期的公司来说,TRO 是理想的选择。

Requirements (updated June 2025)

  • TRO 必须代表一家已运营至少两年的外国公司。
  • The foreign company must demonstrate BGN 100,000 in annual turnover for two consecutive years (enacted via State Gazette No. 52, June 2025 — replacing the earlier, higher draft threshold).
  • A maximum of two individuals may be registered per TRO (reduced from three under the 2025 amendments).
  • A physical office lease is required; virtual office arrangements are no longer accepted.
  • No employment requirement for Bulgarian nationals.

Steps to establish a TRO

  1. Grant a power of attorney to an agent to manage the TRO setup.
  2. Register with the Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BCCI), submitting documents verifying the foreign company’s legal status and intended activities. The BCCI now has retroactive enforcement authority under the 2025 amendments.
  3. Prepare and submit a Type D visa application at a Bulgarian embassy or consulate.
  4. 获得D类签证抵达保加利亚后,根据TRO登记提交居留申请。

Limited Liability Company (LLC / OOD)

This option is ideal for those who want to actively conduct business in Bulgaria. An LLC (locally known as OOD) provides a fully operational legal framework, allowing the owner to engage in commercial activities, generate revenue, and create employment opportunities.

申请条件

  • The LLC must be established as a legal entity in Bulgaria with minimal share capital (approximately €1).
  • To qualify for residency, the business must invest BGN 500,000 in capital and BGN 500,000 in fixed assets, and employ at least ten full-time Bulgarian citizens. This employment must be continuously maintained throughout the residency period, with strict cancellation penalties for non-compliance.

Steps to establish an LLC

  1. Choose a unique company name and submit registration documents to the Bulgarian Commercial Register, including shareholder details, management structure, and a Bulgarian address.
  2. Open a bank account in the LLC’s name and deposit the initial share capital.
  3. Meet the employment requirement by hiring at least ten Bulgarian citizens under Bulgarian labor law contracts.
  4. Apply for a Type D visa through a Bulgarian consulate once the LLC is established and employment criteria are met.
  5. After obtaining the Type D visa and entering Bulgaria, complete the residency application process.

Investment-based residency options

For individuals looking to gain Bulgarian residency through investment rather than business operations, Bulgaria provides several pathways based on financial contributions.

房地产投资

One of the most straightforward ways to gain Bulgarian residency is through real estate investment. By purchasing property valued at a minimum of BGN 600,000 (approximately €312,000 at the fixed EUR/BGN peg of 1.95583), investors can establish a legal basis for a prolonged temporary residence permit. This can include residential, commercial, or other types of properties.

  1. Identify and purchase property meeting the BGN 600,000 threshold, either directly or through a Bulgarian company.
  2. Apply for a Type D visa at a Bulgarian consulate, providing proof of ownership, financial means, and health insurance.
  3. Upon obtaining the Type D visa, enter Bulgaria to complete the temporary residence permit application.

投资基金路线

Investors may also qualify for residency by investing €512,000 (BGN 1,000,000) individually in a qualifying alternative investment fund (AIF) or exchange-traded fund (ETF). Note that the fund itself must meet minimum asset thresholds (BGN 3,000,000 for AIFs or BGN 5,000,000 for ETFs), but these are institutional requirements — the individual investor’s minimum commitment is €512,000.

Comparison with other European programs

With a minimum investment of approximately €312,000, Bulgaria offers one of the most affordable pathways to residency through real estate in Europe. Spain has dismantled its golden visa program, and Portugal has eliminated its real estate route (though fund and research investment routes remain starting at €500,000). Here is how Bulgaria compares with the active programs:

标准 保加利亚 希腊 Hungary (GIP)
Minimum RE investment 〜€312,000 €800,000 (prime) / €400,000 (other) €500,000
Fund/other investment €512,000 无 €250,000 (fund) / €1M (donation)
许可证有效期 1 年(可再生) 5 年 10 年
获得公民身份的途径 约10年 约7年 约8年
申根访问 正式会员 正式会员 正式会员

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Digital nomad permit

Introduced through the FRBA amendments published in State Gazette No. 52 (June 2025), Bulgaria now offers a long-term digital nomad permit for remote workers. The permit allows stays of up to 180 days (six months) and is designed for non-EU nationals who work remotely for employers or clients outside Bulgaria.

关键要求

  • Minimum prior annual income of 50 times the Bulgarian minimum monthly wage — approximately €31,010 for 2026.
  • You cannot work for or bill Bulgarian entities while on this permit.
  • Standard Type D visa documentation applies (passport, health insurance with minimum €30,000 coverage, proof of accommodation).

Type D visa application process

For all residency options, the Type D national visa is essential. It allows non-EU citizens to enter Bulgaria and complete the application for temporary or permanent residency. The visa is valid for up to six months, providing the necessary time for applicants to fulfill residency requirements.

所需文件

  • 护照: Valid passport with copies of the main page and any previous Bulgarian, Schengen, or other visas.
  • 申请表格: Completed and signed Type D visa application form with two passport-sized photos (35 × 45 mm).
  • Proof of grounds: Documentation supporting your residency pathway (business registration, property ownership, investment certificates, etc.).
  • 财务证明: Bank statements or income documentation showing sufficient means.
  • 健康保险: Policy covering the full stay duration, valid within the EU, with a minimum coverage of €30,000 for medical and repatriation costs.
  • 住宿安排: Rental lease, property ownership documents, or hotel reservation in Bulgaria.
  • 无犯罪记录证明: From your home country, apostilled and translated into Bulgarian.

处理时间表

Type D visa applications must be submitted in person at a Bulgarian embassy or consulate. Processing takes up to 35 working days from the date of submission, though this may vary depending on the consulate. It is advisable to apply well in advance of any planned travel to Bulgaria.

过渡到永久居留权

For those who hold Bulgarian temporary residency, obtaining permanent residency is the next significant step. Permanent residency offers enhanced stability and an eventual path to citizenship with full EU rights.

申请条件

  • Five consecutive years: You must have held a valid temporary residence permit for at least five years without significant gaps. Temporary residents are generally expected to be physically present in Bulgaria for a minimum of 30 months over this five-year period.
  • 金融稳定: Ongoing proof of financial means and health insurance coverage for yourself and any dependents.

Advantages of permanent residency

  • Unrestricted stay: Permanent residents can live in Bulgaria indefinitely without annual renewals. Only the physical ID card needs periodic replacement.
  • 欧盟流动性: Visa-free or simplified entry into Schengen Area countries under the 90/180-day rule.
  • 家庭团聚: Permanent residents can sponsor a spouse and children under 21 for Bulgarian residency.
  • 获得公民身份的途径: After holding permanent residency for five years, you become eligible to apply for Bulgarian citizenship by naturalization.

获得保加利亚公民身份的途径

After holding permanent residency for five years (approximately ten years from your initial temporary residency), you may apply for Bulgarian citizenship by naturalization. The process involves:

  1. 语言能力: A1-level Bulgarian language skills are required. The test consists of 20 questions, and you must score at least 12 out of 20 to pass. Graduates of Bulgarian schools or universities are exempt.
  2. 申请提交: Submit a citizenship application to the Ministry of Justice, which reviews your residency history, language proficiency, and integration.
  3. 认证: Upon approval, you gain full EU citizenship — including unrestricted mobility, voting rights, and access to consular protection across all EU member states.

Key legislative changes (June 2025)

The amendments to the Foreigners in the Republic of Bulgaria Act (FRBA), published in State Gazette No. 52 of June 27, 2025, introduced several important changes:

  • Digital nomad permit: A new long-term permit for remote workers (up to 180 days), requiring minimum annual income of approximately €31,010.
  • TRO tightening: Annual turnover threshold set at BGN 100,000 for two consecutive years; maximum representatives reduced from three to two; physical office now required.
  • Postgraduate student category: New permit type for postgraduate students (up to one year).
  • EU Blue Card updates: Employer changes allowed after 12 months; intra-EU mobility provisions added.
  • Passive income residence: New pathway for long-term residents with average annual income of at least 50 times the Bulgarian minimum monthly wage.
  • Family reunification (Art. 33f): Sponsors must have one year of legal residence; applications undergo security review with a one-month processing period.
  • Seasonal workers: 90-day extension option; fast-track pathway for repeat seasonal workers.

The Golden Visa investment thresholds remain unchanged since July 2024, and Bulgaria’s FDI screening framework under the Investment Promotion Act continues to apply.

For more information on investment residency programs in other countries, explore our comparative guide to citizenship by investment programs.

常见问题

How long does it take to get Bulgarian residency?
The Type D visa takes up to 35 working days to process. Once you arrive in Bulgaria with your visa, the temporary residence permit application is typically processed within a few weeks. The overall timeline from initial document preparation to receiving your first residence permit is usually two to four months, depending on the pathway and consulate processing times.
Can my family join me in Bulgaria?
Yes. Temporary residents can sponsor a spouse and dependent children under 18. Permanent residents can sponsor children under 21. Under the 2025 amendments, the sponsoring resident must have held legal residence for at least one year before applying for family reunification.
What are the tax benefits of Bulgarian residency?
Bulgaria has a flat 10% personal income tax and a flat 10% corporate income tax — among the lowest in the EU. The Pillar Two global minimum tax of 15% applies only to large multinational groups with consolidated revenue above €750 million, so most individual investors and SMEs continue to benefit from the standard 10% rates.
Can I travel freely in Europe with a Bulgarian residence permit?
Bulgaria became a full Schengen member in January 2025 (land borders). Bulgarian residence permit holders can travel within the Schengen Area for up to 90 days within any 180-day period without an additional visa. This covers most EU countries plus Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein.
How much do I need to invest for Bulgarian residency?
It depends on the pathway. Real estate investment starts at BGN 600,000 (approximately €312,000). The investment fund route requires €512,000 individually. The LLC business route requires BGN 500,000 in capital plus BGN 500,000 in fixed assets and at least 10 Bulgarian employees. The TRO is the most affordable business option, requiring a foreign company with BGN 100,000 annual turnover for two consecutive years.
How long does it take to get Bulgarian citizenship?
The standard naturalization path takes approximately 10 years: five years of temporary residency followed by five years of permanent residency. You must be physically present in Bulgaria for at least 30 months during the temporary residency period. An A1-level Bulgarian language test (20 questions, 12 correct to pass) is also required. Graduates of Bulgarian educational institutions are exempt from the language requirement.


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