萨尔瓦多在中美洲国家中脱颖而出，有几个关键因素。首先，该国采用美元作为法定货币，这为经济提供了稳定，并消除了以美元赚钱的人进行货币兑换的需要。其次，该国在改善安全方面取得了显著进展，近年来凶杀率大幅下降。最后，萨尔瓦多拥抱了加密货币友好环境，成为第一个采用比特币作为法定货币的国家。这种前瞻性的做法吸引了国际关注和投资，为技术和金融领域创造了新的机会。
萨尔瓦多居留权
萨尔瓦多为外国人提供多种居住选择，每种选择都有各自的要求和福利。以下是三种最常见的居住途径：
伦蒂斯塔签证
Rentista 签证专为拥有稳定外国收入来源、希望在萨尔瓦多居住但不从事当地就业的个人而设计。要获得资格，您必须证明自己的月收入至少为商业和服务业最低工资的四倍。这笔收入可以来自各种来源，例如租金收入、投资或来自其他国家的养老金。Rentista 签证允许您将配偶、子女和父母作为受抚养人带入。
所需文件：
- 收入证明（经认证和加注）
- 注册申请书
- 纳税人识别号 (NIT)
- 来自您本国的犯罪背景调查（经过认证）
- 护照原件和照片
- 出生证明书（经认证）
- 结婚证（如适用）（经过公证）
- 确认家庭成员经济支持的宣誓书
退休签证
Pensionado 签证，又称退休人员签证，专门为从公共或私人来源获得每月至少 1,100 美元保证养老金的退休人员量身定制。与 Rentista 签证一样，该签证允许您在申请中包括您的配偶、子女和父母。
所需文件：
- 养老金收入证明（经认证和公证）
- 注册申请书
- 纳税人识别号 (NIT)
- 来自您本国的犯罪背景调查（经过认证）
- 护照原件和照片
- 出生证明书（经认证）
- 结婚证（如适用）（经过公证）
- 确认家庭成员经济支持的宣誓书
通过成立公司获得居住权
对于那些没有投资或养老金被动收入的人，萨尔瓦多为企业家提供了居留选择。这涉及建立一家当地公司并雇用自己。然后该公司代表您申请工作许可。您需要至少支付最低工资并履行纳税义务。
居留的一般要求
无论您申请哪种具体签证，所有居留申请均需满足某些一般要求：
- 护照： 您的护照有效期必须至少有六个月。
- 签证申请表： 您需要填写并签署官方签证申请表，如果您所在的国家没有大使馆，可以通过在线方式或邮寄方式办理。
- 金融稳定： 您必须提供足够的资金证明，以支持您在萨尔瓦多逗留期间的生活。这可以通过银行对账单或其他财务文件来证明。
- 犯罪记录检查： 您需要提供您所在国家的无犯罪记录证明，如果您在萨尔瓦多呆了很长时间，则可能需要提供萨尔瓦多的无犯罪记录证明。
- 医疗保险： 您需要拥有一份涵盖您在萨尔瓦多逗留期间的有效医疗保险计划。
- 海牙认证： 您提交的任何文件，例如出生证明、结婚证或无犯罪记录，都必须在您的祖国进行加注。加注是一种认证，可验证公共文件的来源，使其在《海牙加注公约》缔约国得到认可。
- 医疗报告： 您必须提供萨尔瓦多医生的医疗报告，证明您没有传染病。
- 文件有效期： 所有提交的居留文件必须是最近 60 天内签发的。
申请流程
居留申请流程通常包括以下步骤：
- 预约： 请联系最近的萨尔瓦多大使馆，如果您所在国家没有大使馆，请在线申请或通过邮寄方式申请。
- 提交申请： 填写申请表并收集所有必需的文件。
- 等待批准： 处理时间最多可能需要两个月。
永久居留
临时居留许可通常有效期为 1 或 2 年，可以无限期续签。一旦您保持临时居留身份三年，您就可以申请将其转换为永久居留权。永久居留权赋予更多权利，包括在萨尔瓦多无限期居留，并且在许多情况下，能够在该国不受限制地工作。
萨尔瓦多公民身份
满足某些居住要求后，您可以申请萨尔瓦多公民身份。以下是获得公民身份的主要途径：
归化
要通过入籍成为萨尔瓦多公民，您必须满足以下要求：
- 住院医师 您必须持有有效居留许可在萨尔瓦多居住一定期限：
- 西班牙语国家的公民： 拥有永久居留权 1 年。
- 其他国籍的外国人： 共计5年，包括临时居留和永久居留。
- 萨尔瓦多人的配偶： 居住两年。
- 最低年龄要求： 您必须年满18岁。
- 语言： 你必须会说西班牙语。
- 犯罪记录： 您必须有清白的犯罪记录。
- 忠诚誓言： 您必须表明成为萨尔瓦多公民的意图，并宣誓对萨尔瓦多的忠诚。
投资公民身份
萨尔瓦多最近推出了一项名为“自由护照”的投资入籍新计划。该计划为在该国进行大量投资的个人提供了一条快速入籍途径。该计划每年仅限 1,000 名参与者，旨在吸引投资者和知名人士，尤其是来自技术和加密货币领域的投资者和知名人士。
投资选择：
- 捐款： 一次性向国库捐赠 1 万美元（以美元或比特币形式）。此捐赠不可退还，初始申请费为 999 美元。
- 房地产： 萨尔瓦多计划未来推出居住房地产投资选择。
自由护照的好处：
- 处理时间快： 大约 4-6 周即可获得公民身份。申请的平均处理时间为六周。
- 无需实际到场： 您无需居住在萨尔瓦多即可维持您的公民身份。
- 免签证旅行： 萨尔瓦多护照可以免签证进入大约 140 个国家。
- 家庭包容： 该计划允许您将您的配偶和 18 岁以下的子女纳入您的申请中，每位家庭成员的费用为 999 美元。
自由护照的注意事项：
虽然自由护照为获得公民身份提供了一条宝贵的途径并带来了诸多好处，但必须考虑该计划的高成本和有限的可用性。
血统公民身份
如果您的父母是萨尔瓦多公民，您可能有资格获得血统公民身份。您需要提供文件来证明您与萨尔瓦多父母的关系，例如出生证明。
公民考试
申请公民身份的申请人可能需要参加公民身份测试，以评估他们对萨尔瓦多及其历史的了解，以及他们用西班牙语说话和书写的能力。
双重国籍
萨尔瓦多允许双重国籍。这意味着您可以拥有萨尔瓦多国籍，同时保留其他国家的国籍。
丧失公民身份
值得注意的是，在某些情况下，可能会丧失萨尔瓦多国籍。对于通过入籍获得公民身份的人来说，这种情况可能发生在以下情况：在原籍国连续居住两年以上、未经许可连续离开萨尔瓦多五年以上，或者在法律规定的情形下被判处可执行的刑罚。
萨尔瓦多的生活成本
萨尔瓦多的主要吸引力之一是其低廉的生活成本。虽然费用可能因您的生活方式和位置而异，但以下是常见费用的一般概述：
费用类别 | 预计成本（美元） |
|---|---|
优选餐厅 | |
膳食，廉价的餐厅 | 2.50 - 15.00 |
2 人份餐点，中档餐厅 | 25.00 - 60.00 |
市场领域 | |
牛奶（普通，1 加仑） | 5.30 - 13.25 |
一条新鲜白面包（1 磅） | 0.91 - 2.72 |
大米（白米，1磅） | 0.27 - 1.00 |
鸡蛋（普通，12 个） | 1.80 - 3.84 |
鸡柳（1 磅） | 1.02 - 3.00 |
牛腩 (1 磅) | 2.72 - 6.00 |
苹果（1 磅） | 0.81 - 1.92 |
交通 | |
单程票（本地运输） | 0.35 - 1.00 |
月票（正常价格） | 10.50 - 35.00 |
出租车开始（正常关税） | 3.00 - 7.00 |
公用事业（每月） | |
915 平方英尺公寓的基本（电、暖、冷、水、垃圾） | 45.33 - 120.00 |
互联网（60 Mbps或更高，无限数据，有线/ ADSL） | 35.00 - 56.00 |
每月租金 | |
公寓（1卧室）位于市中心 | 520.00 - 900.00 |
公寓（1卧室）位于中心外 | 350.00 - 900.00 |
公寓（3卧室）位于市中心 | 500.00 - 1,200.00 |
公寓（3卧室）中心外 | 500.00 - 1,000.00 |
值得注意的是，与美国相比，萨尔瓦多的电器和电子产品相对昂贵。
居住在萨尔瓦多的好处
除了低廉的生活成本外，萨尔瓦多还为外籍人士提供多种福利：
- 热带气候： 全年享受温暖的气候、美丽的海滩和郁郁葱葱的景观。
- 丰富的文化： 沉浸在充满活力的萨尔瓦多文化中，感受节日、音乐和传统。尊重当地习俗和传统对于获得积极的体验至关重要。
- 改善基础设施： 萨尔瓦多一直在投资基础设施建设，包括道路、机场和互联网连接。
- 不断发展的外籍人士社区： 与热情且支持的外籍人士社区建立联系。
- 安全性： 萨尔瓦多近年来在改善安全保障方面取得了重大进展。布克尔总统的安全措施使凶杀率大幅下降，使其成为该地区最安全的国家之一。
- 税收优惠： 萨尔瓦多实行属地税制，这意味着外国收入无需缴纳当地税。这对于继续从国外赚取收入的外籍人士来说是一个很大的优势。
在萨尔瓦多生活的潜在挑战
虽然萨尔瓦多具有许多优势，但必须意识到潜在的挑战：
- 语言障碍： 虽然城市地区的许多人会说一些英语，但西班牙语是官方语言。学习西班牙语将大大提高您的经验和融入度。
- 基础设施限制： 虽然基础设施正在改善，但一些地区仍然无法获得可靠的公共交通或医疗设施。
- 发生自然灾害的可能性： 萨尔瓦多是地震和火山多发区。做好应对此类事件的准备很重要。
- 社会和经济不平等： 萨尔瓦多面临贫困和不平等的挑战，这在某些地区尤为明显。
- 缺水： 一些地区可能会出现缺水现象。
- 人才市场： 就业市场对于萨尔瓦多人和外籍人士来说都是充满挑战的，工资低，某些行业的就业机会稀缺。
外籍人士的评价
许多外籍人士分享了他们在萨尔瓦多生活的积极体验。一位将公司迁至萨尔瓦多的外籍人士称，萨尔瓦多拥有“不同的精神”和令他深受鼓舞的年轻活力。他还强调了萨尔瓦多令人惊叹的自然美景，讲述了他在阿塔科村的经历，那里有令人叹为观止的景色和充满活力的市场。另一位外籍人士强调了萨尔瓦多物美价廉，称“街边散发着热奶酪的玉米饼或清爽的冰镇啤酒只需花费几分钱”。许多外籍人士也表达了同样的看法，他们欣赏萨尔瓦多低廉的生活成本，能够以较少的预算享受舒适的生活方式。
结语
萨尔瓦多为那些寻求在美丽而文化丰富的环境中享受低成本生活方式的人提供了一个极具吸引力的机会。萨尔瓦多拥有各种居住和公民身份选择、负担得起的生活费用和众多福利，是希望移居中美洲的个人和家庭的理想目的地。虽然意识到潜在的挑战至关重要，但该国最近在安全、经济发展方面的进步以及对外国人的欢迎态度使其成为那些寻求改变节奏和更实惠的生活方式的人的理想选择。如果您对在萨尔瓦多生活的前景感兴趣，请采取下一步行动，研究适合您情况的具体签证选择，并咨询移民律师以指导您完成整个流程。
露西娜·萨尔基相
法律服务
一目了然
- El Salvador overhauled its immigration system in late 2024 with a unified Migration and Foreigners Law that replaces prior rules and centralizes residency and citizenship pathways.
- A fast-track to permanent residency for foreign investors or donors in government-approved programs took effect in May 2025 under Art. 152, numeral 13.
- Decreto 531, enacted March 31, 2026, reduced the minimum physical presence requirement from nine months to 90 calendar days per year.
- From March 2024, foreign-source passive income (dividends, interest, capital gains) is exempt from Salvadoran income tax.
- A Digital Nomad Visa allows remote workers to stay up to two years with a $1,460/month income threshold and income tax exemption.
- Standard residency pathways include rentista ($1,500/month passive income) and pensionado ($1,100/month pension) categories.
最后更新五月21 2026
El Salvador has positioned itself as a destination for globally mobile investors, remote workers, and top talent. If you are exploring residency and citizenship in El Salvador, the 2024–26 reforms—combining immigration simplification, investor fast-tracks, a digital nomad visa, and tax exemptions—are significant. Below is the evidence-led guide to what changed, who qualifies, and how to position your application.
Why consider El Salvador now
Several policy shifts make El Salvador newly competitive for expats and international founders:
Tax relief on offshore investments. From March 2024, El Salvador exempts foreign-source passive income—dividends, interest, capital gains—from income tax. This is material for residents with global portfolios.
Unified immigration framework. A single Special Migration and Foreigners Law was approved in late 2024, streamlining prior immigration and passport rules into a rights-based system.
Investor fast-track. Art. 152, numeral 13, enables permanent residency for foreigners investing or donating to government-prioritized programs. The annual fee is $690.
Relaxed presence rules. Decreto 531, enacted March 31, 2026, reduced the minimum physical presence from nine months to 90 calendar days per year—a major change for mobile professionals.
数字游民签证。 Remote workers can obtain a visa for up to two years with a $1,460/month income requirement and income tax exemption on their earnings.
Context: residency activity is accelerating. In 2025, 1,915 definitive (permanent) residences were granted—a 44.5% increase over the prior year. Nationality grants reached 500 in 2024, up from 461 in 2023.
如果您要对不同司法管辖区的各种方案进行基准比较，请比较以下结构： 居留许可你的长期 国籍 目标和跨境 税收筹划 向持牌顾问咨询相关事宜。
2024-26年发生了哪些变化？
2024 年末：新的特别移民和外国人法。 El Salvador approved a comprehensive immigration statute consolidating previously fragmented migration and passport rules. The law emphasizes streamlined procedures and a unified rights-based approach for foreigners.
May 2025: Art. 152 investor fast-track takes effect. 立法议会批准了一项改革措施，该改革措施旨在…… 最终居留权 (permanent residency) to be granted to foreigners who invest in, or donate to, state-prioritized programs and projects. No prior temporary residence is required, and holders are exempt from the standard absence limits.
March 2024: Foreign-source income exemption. The Legislative Assembly approved a reform exempting foreign-source passive income from income tax, effective March 22, 2024. This remains in effect as of 2026.
April 2026: Decree 544 (Art. 158 Tax Code). Eliminated the 3% withholding on non-resident returns from the local stock exchange.
March 31, 2026: Decreto 531 enacted. The minimum physical presence requirement under Article 119 was reduced from nine months to 90 calendar days per year. This is a significant change for internationally mobile residents who previously struggled to meet the nine-month threshold.
Standard residency pathways
Beyond the investor fast-track, El Salvador offers several conventional residency categories:
暂住
Available to workers, family members, students, missionaries, rentistas, and business operators. Temporary residence lasts one to two years and is renewable. Fees range from approximately $30 to $205 depending on nationality and duration. Since Decreto 531, holders must spend at least 90 calendar days per year in-country.
Definitive (permanent) residence — standard route
The standard path to permanent residency requires approximately three years of prior temporary residence. Fees are $135 for Central American nationals and $345 for non-Central Americans.
租赁签证
For those with passive income of at least $1,500 per month from dividends, trusts, rental income, or royalties. This is a popular pathway for remote-income professionals and early retirees.
退休签证
Retirees with pension income of at least $1,100 per month qualify for residency under the pensionado category.
For comparison with Armenian residency structures, see our guide to 临时和永久居留许可.
Investor fast-track (Art. 152)
Art. 152, numeral 13, took effect on May 13, 2025. It directs the migration authority to grant permanent residency to foreigners who make qualifying investments or donations into government-approved initiatives. The annual fee is $690.
法律赋予的权力
获得永久居留权的直接途径 for qualifying investors and donors—no prior temporary residence required. Holders are exempt from Art. 154 absence limits. The law is designed to grant residence in an agile and efficient manner, with specific program criteria set by the competent authorities.
Specific investment thresholds and eligible sectors are program-based rather than fixed in the statute. No statutory dollar amount has been published as of May 2026.
申请入学
- 确认资格： Identify a government-prioritized project or program that qualifies under the amendment.
- 请记录您的贡献： Prepare evidence of funds, transfer proofs, and compliance documentation.
- 提交居留申请： Submit your application to the Salvadoran migration authority under the Special Migration and Foreigners Law, referencing the Art. 152 fast-track basis.
- 遵守尽职调查程序： Expect identity, security, and source-of-funds checks prior to adjudication.
- 收到决定： Permanent residency is granted if the investment or donation and personal checks meet criteria.
Strategy tip: coordinate immigration steps with asset structuring and tax residency planning early, especially if you hold diversified offshore portfolios benefiting from El Salvador’s foreign-source passive income exemption. For broader context on investment program design, see our 投资 和 签证 资源。
数字游牧签证
El Salvador offers a dedicated Digital Nomad Visa for remote workers employed by companies or clients outside the country. The visa is valid for up to two years (typically issued for one year, renewable).
申请条件
- Monthly income of at least $1,460 from remote work performed for clients or employers outside El Salvador
- 有效护照
- Clean criminal record (covering the last two years)
- 国际健康保险
税收优惠
Digital Nomad Visa holders receive an income tax exemption on their remote work earnings. Combined with the foreign-source passive income exemption, this makes El Salvador particularly tax-efficient for remote workers with diversified income streams.
For comparison, see our guide to the 亚美尼亚数字游牧民签证.
Freedom Passport and citizenship by investment
The Freedom Passport is a separate citizenship-by-investment program requiring a $1,000,000 investment in Bitcoin or USDT. Key features include a cap of 1,000 passports per year, approximately two-month processing time, and access to 130+ visa-free destinations. Recipients receive full Salvadoran citizenship.
This program is distinct from both the Art. 152 investor fast-track (which grants permanent residency, not citizenship) and the earlier “Visa de la Libertad” crypto investor program.
Crypto “Visa de la Libertad” — status check
Despite publicity around a crypto-investor residency launched in late 2023, as of mid-2024 migration authorities had no recorded applicants or passports issued. No formal legal basis has been published. Treat marketing claims cautiously until documented processing data is available.
Skilled Migrant Passport Program (2024)
In April 2024, El Salvador’s President announced a “5,000 free passports” initiative for highly skilled professionals—scientists, engineers, doctors, and other in-demand experts—granting full citizenship rights and tax exemptions.
As of early 2026, no official application portal has been launched and no confirmed issuances have been reported. The application process has not been fully disclosed. This remains a political initiative without confirmed operational status.
Pathway comparison
| 衔接流程 | 状态 | 你得到什么 | 目标听众 | Cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Investor fast-track (Art. 152) | In force (May 2025) | 永久居留 | 投资者和捐助者 | $ 690 /年 |
| Freedom Passport (CBI) | 操作 | Full citizenship | 高净值投资者 | $1,000,000 BTC/USDT |
| Skilled Migrant Passports | Announced (no portal) | Citizenship (5,000 cap) | Scientists, engineers, doctors | 免费 |
| 数字游牧签证 | 操作 | Temporary stay (up to 2 years) | 远程工作者 | $1,460/月收入 |
| 伦蒂斯塔 | 操作 | 暂住 | Passive-income earners | $1,500/月收入 |
| 跟班 | 操作 | 暂住 | 退休人员 | 每月1,100美元的养老金 |
| 加密货币“自由签证” | No confirmed processing | 不清楚 | 加密投资者 | 未知 |
如果您的目标是获得永久居留权并最终入籍，请确保您的途径符合法律规定，而非仅仅受宣传噱头的影响。有关更全面的入籍策略和时间表，请参阅我们的指南。 国籍.
Tax regime for residents
El Salvador’s tax framework has become increasingly favorable for internationally mobile residents. The key features as of 2026:
Foreign-source income exemption. Since March 22, 2024, foreign-source passive income—dividends, interest, and capital gains earned outside El Salvador—is fully exempt from income tax. This remains in effect.
Domestic income tax brackets (2025–26): 0% on income up to $6,600; 10% on $6,600–$9,142; 20% on $9,142–$22,857; and 30% above $22,857. Non-domiciled individuals pay a flat 30% on Salvadoran-source income.
High-Value Investor regime. Investments exceeding $2,000,000 qualify for full income tax exemption on profits, dividends, and capital gains.
Bitcoin and cryptocurrency. Bitcoin is legal tender in El Salvador. Capital gains on Bitcoin transactions are exempt from tax. Combined with the territorial system and the 2024 reform, crypto-derived income from foreign sources is also exempt.
International compliance. El Salvador is not on the FATF blacklist (confirmed February 2026). The country has essentially no double taxation treaties with the US, EU, or CIS—primary relief comes via the territorial system.
For comparison with Armenia’s tax environment, see our detailed guide on 亚美尼亚的税收.
生活成本
For a single expat in San Salvador, expect a mid-range monthly budget of $1,300–$1,500. Here is a typical breakdown:
| 类别 | 每月费用（美元） |
|---|---|
| Rent (1-bed, decent area) | $ $ 500 600- |
| 食品杂货 | $ $ 300 350- |
| 交通 | $ $ 50 80- |
| 医疗保健和保险 | $ $ 80 200- |
| 其他费用 | $ $ 200 300- |
| 合计 | $ $ 1,130 1,530- |
El Salvador uses the US dollar as legal tender, which eliminates currency exchange risk for USD-denominated earners. The dollarized economy is a practical advantage often cited by expats.
双重国籍
El Salvador permits dual and multiple nationality under Article 91 of its Constitution. Salvadorans by birth retain their citizenship even when acquiring another nationality. For naturalized foreigners, dual citizenship depends on the terms of applicable international treaties (Article 93). The Freedom Passport program explicitly allows holders to maintain their existing citizenships.
