Từ tạm thời đến vĩnh viễn: Con đường đến tình trạng an toàn tại Peru

Peru has tightened its residency framework and digitized most immigration procedures. If you are moving from temporary to permanent residency, these changes affect your timeline, travel plans, and documentation strategy. This guide covers the current 36-month pathway, fees, document requirements, the recently closed formalization regime, and the road from permanent residency to citizenship under Peru’s evolving legal framework.

Key policy changes affecting your timeline

Peru has extended the residency requirement for permanent status and raised eligibility standards. The main changes you need to plan around:

• Three-year track to permanence: You must hold a qualifying resident status for 36 consecutive months before filing for Permanente Residente — extended from the previous 24-month requirement.
• Stricter absence limits: You must not be outside Peru for more than 183 consecutive calendar days in any 365-day period during those 36 months.
• Enhanced background checks: Applicants must have clean criminal, police, and judicial records and must not be subject to INTERPOL alerts at the time of application.
• Digital-only filings: All status change applications — including to permanent residency — are filed exclusively through the Migraciones Agencia Digital nền tảng.
• Formalization regime closed: The September 2025 formalization regime for overstayers closed on February 20, 2026. Irregular entrants now face accelerated expulsion procedures under Legislative Decree 1582.
• Naturalization overhauled: Law 32421 (August 2025) increased the continuous legal residency requirement for citizenship from 2 years to 5 years, though implementing regulations had not yet entered force as of early 2026.

The 36-month pathway to permanent residency

To qualify for Permanente Residente status, you must hold a valid qualifying resident category (calidad migratoria) continuously for 36 months. During that period, you must comply with the 183-day absence rule and maintain clean criminal, police, judicial, and INTERPOL records. All qualifying time must be under a resident-category status — not a tourist visa or irregular stay.

Qualifying temporary residence categories

Under Legislative Decree 1350, several temporary resident categories can lead to permanent residency after the 36-month qualifying period. Not all migration statuses count — notably, CPP/PTP legacy permits lead to Especial Residente status, which does not qualify for the permanent residency pathway.

The rentista residente category is particularly popular with retirees and remote workers. The official minimum passive income threshold is US$1,000 per month of net permanent foreign-source income (approximately S/3,489 at the April 2026 exchange rate of S/3.4885/USD). You will need bank statements or pension documentation to prove this income when applying.

Comparing options? Our guides to giấy phép cư trú vĩnh viễn và tạm thời, công dânvà visa cover frameworks in other jurisdictions.

How to apply: documents, fees, and process

Danh sách tài liệu

Based on official Migraciones guidance (updated March 2026), you will need:

• Formulario de cambio de calidad migratoria (completed via Agencia Digital)
• Copy of your valid passport
• Criminal record certificates (antecedentes penales) from your country of origin and any country where you have resided in the last 5 years
• Ficha de Canje Internacional de INTERPOL (mandatory for adult applicants)
• Proof of 3 consecutive years of residence under a qualifying resident category
• Proof of economic solvency
• Current Carné de Extranjería

Lệ phí của chính phủ

The government fee for changing migratory status to Permanente Residente is S / 162.50 (~US$41), payable at Banco de la Nación under code 07568. Note that the TUPA payment table may show a slightly different figure (S/161.40) due to rounding — verify the exact amount at the time of payment.

Thời gian xử lý

The official processing standard is 30 ngày làm việc (approximately 6 calendar weeks) from the date of complete submission. Processing times may vary depending on caseload and document review requirements.

Quy trình đăng ký từng bước

1. Xác nhận đủ điều kiện: Verify you have completed 36 months of continuous qualifying residency and have not exceeded the 183-day absence limit.
2. Thu thập tài liệu: Assemble your passport, current Carné de Extranjería, criminal record certificates from all countries of residence in the past 5 years, INTERPOL clearance, and proof of economic solvency.
3. Pay the government fee: Pay S/162.50 at Banco de la Nación (code 07568) and keep the receipt.
4. File online: Submit your application and upload all supporting documents via the Migraciones Agencia Digital nền tảng.
5. Attend appointments: If scheduled, attend biometrics or in-person interviews at a Migraciones office.
6. Monitor your case: Track your expediente through the portal. The official processing time is 30 business days from complete submission.

The 183-day absence rule explained

During the 36-month qualifying period, you must not be outside Peru for more than 183 consecutive calendar days within any 365-day period. The key word is liên tiếp — the rule applies to unbroken stretches of absence, not cumulative days. A brief return to Peru resets the count.

Migration Formalization Regime — now closed

On September 15, 2025, Migraciones launched a formalization regime under Legislative Decree 1582 and Resolution 000110-2025-MIGRACIONES. The program allowed foreigners who entered Peru regularly but had overstayed — or whose CPP/PTP or Carné de Extranjería had expired — to regularize their status online. This regime closed on February 20, 2026, after operating for approximately five months.

The program was limited to foreigners who had entered through regular border controls. Those who entered irregularly were excluded and now face enforcement measures, including an accelerated expulsion procedure under LD 1582 that allows orders and re-entry bans to be issued within 24 hours.

From permanent residency to citizenship

Once you hold permanent residency, Peru offers a pathway to full citizenship through naturalization. The framework was significantly overhauled in August 2025 by Law 32421, though as of early 2026 the implementing regulations had not yet entered force. Here is what we know about both the current and upcoming requirements.

Current framework (still in effect pending regulations)

Under the rules that remain in force while Law 32421’s implementing regulations are pending, naturalization applications are processed under the existing TUPA fee of S/301.50 (code 07564) with a standard processing time of 30 business days.

Law 32421 — what changes when it takes effect

When the implementing regulations are published, Law 32421 will introduce significantly higher standards:

• Residency period: 5 years of continuous legal residence (previously 2 years). For spouses of Peruvian citizens: 4 years (previously 2 years).
• Yêu cầu về thu nhập: 10 UIT per year (S/55,000/year = ~S/4,583/month = ~US$1,314/month based on 2026 UIT of S/5,500).
• Thông thạo ngôn ngữ: Spanish language competency required.
• Cultural knowledge: Peruvian history and culture assessment.
• Kiểm tra lý lịch: Clean criminal record + INTERPOL clearance.
• Thời gian xử lý: Up to 18 months, with a possible 6-month extension.
• Phương pháp nộp hồ sơ: Personal filing required (no proxy applications).

Peru allows hai quốc tịch, and Law 32421 did not change this. You do not need to renounce your existing nationality when naturalizing as a Peruvian citizen.

Rights: permanent resident vs. citizen

CPP/PTP holders: what you need to know

If you hold or previously held a CPP (Carné de Permiso Temporal de Permanencia) or PTP (Permiso Temporal de Permanencia), there are critical points to understand about your path forward:

• Time does not count: CPP/PTP permits lead to Especial Residente status, which cannot be used to apply for permanent residency. Time spent under these permits does not count toward the 36-month requirement.
• PTP is closed: The PTP program (primarily for Venezuelan nationals) is a legacy program and no longer issues new permits.
• Formalization window has closed: The September 2025 formalization regime that allowed expired CPP/PTP holders to regularize closed on February 20, 2026.
• Path forward: To eventually reach permanent residency, you would need to transition to a qualifying resident category (such as Trabajador, Rentista, or Inversionista residente) and begin the 36-month clock from that date.

If you are evaluating business setup or investment as part of transitioning to a qualifying category, our guides to đăng ký kinh doanh và bất động sản có thể hữu ích

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