Key Takeaways:
- Armenia’s new 1% turnover tax for qualifying high-tech companies runs 2025–2031 and materially lowers startup tax burdens.
- There is no revenue-share test for the 1% rate. Its conditions are the ordinary turnover-tax ones plus income from a listed activity. The 90% revenue test widely quoted alongside it belongs to a different law and conditions the cash wage support, not the rate.
- The turnover-tax regime is capped at annual revenue of AMD 115 million (~USD 300k); exceeding the cap disqualifies the firm immediately.
- You must elect the turnover-tax regime by 20 February of the tax year (or within 20 days of registration for new companies); missing the deadline puts you in the general tax system for that year.
- Foreign-established companies should front-load Armenian entity setup and documentation to align revenue mix and file the election on time.
Armenia IT incentive 1% is a rare chance for high-tech startups and foreign-established tech groups to materially lower their tax bill. But the regime is elective and deadline-driven. With the February 20 filing cut-off and a strict revenue cap, getting your Armenian setup and contracts in place before the tax year starts can make or break eligibility.
This guide focuses on pre-filing preparation, tax election timing, and the documentation you need to substantiate your 1% claim—especially if you run a foreign parent with an Armenian subsidiary.
Armenia’s 1% High-Tech Turnover Tax (2025–2031): What Changed and Why It Matters
Effective 1 January 2025, Armenia introduced a 1% turnover tax for qualifying high-tech companies, replacing the prior 5% rate for eligible firms and extending support measures through 2031. The policy is part of a broader national push to deepen the tech sector’s role in Armenia’s economy.
For founders and foreign groups, the headline rate is only half the story: the 1% applies under the turnover-tax regime and within tight qualification criteria. If you do not elect the turnover-tax system on time, you fall under the general tax system for the year. Front-loading your Armenian setup is therefore essential.
Note on the general regime: While this guide focuses on capturing the 1% turnover tax, the general tax regime (18% CIT) offers its own incentives for tech companies — including a 200% salary deduction for IT specialists, 10% PIT for R&D staff, and 60% PIT reimbursement for new hires. For staff-intensive operations, the general regime may actually yield lower total tax. See our comparison guide for details.
Who Qualifies for the 1% Regime
Two different regimes are routinely described as one, and the confusion is expensive. The 1% turnover-tax rate sits in the Tax Code. The cash wage support, the 60% and 50% employer payments, sits in the Law on State Support to the High-Tech Industry. They have different conditions, and the 90% revenue test belongs to the second, not the first.
What the 1% rate actually requires
The rate is in Tax Code Article 258(1), table row 8, introduced by law HO-500-N. It applies 1% to income from an activity on the Government’s list under Decision 142-N of 13 February 2025. Beyond that, the conditions are simply those of the ordinary turnover-tax regime in Articles 254 and 255:
- a resident commercial organisation, or a registered individual entrepreneur;
- the turnover-tax election filed in time, generally by 20 February, with separate 20-day windows for newly registered, restarting and transitioning taxpayers;
- previous-year sales turnover not exceeding AMD 115,000,000;
- none of the exclusions in Article 254(3), which cover financial, insurance, investment, payment, gambling, notarial, audit and legal services, certain accounting, head-office and labour-supply activities, and specified related-party, joint-activity, commission and agency arrangements.
That is the whole of it. There is no minimum share of revenue, no High-Tech Registry entry and no clean-tax-record condition attached to the rate itself.
Mixed revenue does not disqualify you
Turnover-tax status applies across all of a company’s activities under Article 254(4), and Article 258 then assigns a rate to each income category. Qualifying high-tech income is taxed at 1% while other income is taxed at its own rate: trading at 10%, manufacturing at 7%, rent, interest and royalties at 10%, and so on, each with its own expense deduction and floor. A company earning 60% of its revenue from software and 40% from something else is not shut out of the 1% on the software.
Two things can still block the rate. An activity may be excluded from turnover tax altogether under Article 254(3). And a taxpayer making the special catering election under Article 258(8) is confined to the catering rows and cannot use row 8 at all.
Where the 90% test really lives
Article 3(1)(5) of the Law on State Support to the High-Tech Industry defines a high-tech organisation, for the purposes of that law, as one deriving at least 90% of declared sales turnover from qualifying activity, measured over the quarterly support reporting period under Article 3(1)(11). It is a classification criterion for the cash wage support, and it travels with the other conditions of that programme: no tax-authority liabilities exceeding AMD 100,000 on the day before application under Article 7(1)(4), the ownership disqualification in Article 7(1)(2), application through the support platform, and the reporting obligations in Articles 10 and 11.
If you want the wage support, the 90% test matters and so does the registry. If you want only the 1% rate, neither applies.
Why the confusion is so widespread
The State Revenue Committee’s turnover-tax return does carry an activity-share table, headed «Տեսակարար կշիռը (%)», and it is easy to read that as a threshold. Point 70 of the instructions to the return says the opposite in terms: those figures serve statistical purposes and cannot form the basis for calculating or recalculating turnover tax. The same 90% also appears in the SRC-to-ministry data exchange and in the support platform’s automated checks, all of which concern the cash support rather than the rate.
Armenian-registered entity
Only an Armenian-registered entity, an LLC or a joint-stock company, or a registered individual entrepreneur, can be a turnover-tax payer. A foreign branch or permanent establishment of a foreign company cannot. So a foreign-established group that wants the rate books the qualifying revenue through an Armenian entity, and makes sure the activity itself appears on the Decision 142-N list.
Who Cannot Use the Turnover Tax Regime
Certain business types are explicitly excluded from the turnover tax regime under Article 254(3) of the Tax Code, regardless of revenue level:
Excluded Business Types:
- Banks, credit organizations, insurance companies
- Investment companies and funds
- Pawnshops, currency exchange, payment organizations
- Crypto asset service providers
- Casinos, gambling, lottery operators
- Notaries
- Audit organizations
- Legal service providers
- Accounting activities (NACE 69)
- Management consultancy (NACE 70)
- Temporary employment agencies
Related Party Exclusions:
Entities are considered related parties and may be excluded if:
Ownership-based (automatic):
- One company owns 20%+ of another
- Same individual owns 20%+ in multiple companies
Behavioral (administrative):
The Tax Service can declare entities related based on:
- High volume/frequency of transactions between them
- Abnormal markups (1.3x+ normal)
- Coordinated pricing behavior
- Shared branding
- Common beneficiary control
Consequence: If declared related and combined turnover exceeds AMD 115 million, all related entities lose turnover tax eligibility.
For foreign parents: Be aware that if your Armenian subsidiary is part of a group structure, the Tax Service will examine whether the entities operate independently. Clean transfer pricing documentation and arm’s length arrangements are essential.
Revenue Caps and Threshold Breach Consequences
The turnover-tax system is designed for smaller taxpayers. The annual revenue threshold is AMD 115 million (approximately USD 300,000).
What Happens If You Exceed the Threshold
- Immediate exit: The moment your cumulative annual revenue crosses AMD 115 million, you exit the turnover tax regime. This can happen mid-year.
- Switch to general regime: You must immediately register for VAT (20%) and begin paying profit tax (18% CIT).
- Mandatory gap year: If you exceeded the threshold in 2025, you cannot return to turnover tax in 2026. You can only reapply in 2027, and only if your 2026 revenue was below AMD 115 million.
Planning for Growth
For high-growth startups, this “exit” from turnover tax is a good problem to have, but it requires planning:
- Model when you are likely to cross the AMD 115 million line
- Prepare VAT-inclusive pricing and contracts in advance
- Set up monthly revenue tracking with alerts at 80% and 90% of threshold
- Consider whether the general regime incentives (200% salary deduction) might actually be better for your situation
Election Mechanics and Critical Deadlines
Armenia requires an affirmative election into the turnover-tax regime.
Deadlines:
| Situation | Deadline |
|---|---|
| Existing company | 20 February of the tax year |
| New company | Within 20 days of state registration |
Failure to elect by the deadline leaves the company in the general tax regime for that entire year. This cannot be corrected mid-year.
How to Apply: Step-by-Step Sequencing
- Incorporate in Armenia: Register the company and obtain a tax account so you can make elections and filings.
- Register in the High-Tech Registry only if you want the cash wage support: registry entry is not a condition of the 1% rate.
- Assess revenue mix: Confirm the activities fall on the Decision 142-N list, and check the 90% turnover test separately if you also intend to claim the cash wage support; align contracts and statements of work accordingly.
- Elect turnover tax: File the turnover-tax election with the Armenian tax authorities by the applicable deadline.
- Maintain eligibility: track revenue against the AMD 115 million cap, and the 90% high-tech share as well if you are claiming the cash wage support.
Critical Timing for Foreign-Established Companies
Because only Armenian-registered entities can qualify and the election is due by 20 February (or 20 days from registration), sequencing matters:
- Complete incorporation before the tax year starts
- Obtain tax account
- Prepare and file election before 20 February
If you incorporate on January 15, you have until February 4 (20 days) to elect. If you wait until March to incorporate, you can still elect within 20 days of registration.
Foreign-Established Companies: Structuring and Setup
For multinational or foreign-founded tech firms, the Armenian 1% regime is typically accessed via a local entity that provides high-tech services (development, R&D, product engineering) under customer contracts or intra-group agreements.
Practical Structuring Tips:
- Keep eligibility evidence: Ensure SOWs, contracts and invoices clearly describe the high-tech services, so that the income is plainly attributable to a listed activity, and to support the 90% test if you claim the wage support.
- Sync intra-group agreements: Align service descriptions, pricing, and deliverables so Armenian-booked revenues are within scope. Use arm’s length pricing to avoid transfer pricing challenges.
- Watch the cap: Use revenue forecasting to manage the AMD 115M limit and plan a smooth transition if scaling beyond the turnover-tax regime.
- Avoid related party traps: If the foreign parent or other group entities also have Armenian presence, ensure clean separation to avoid combined turnover aggregation.
- Consider the general regime alternative: If your Armenian operation will be staff-intensive with significant local payroll, model whether the 200% salary deduction under the general regime might actually yield lower total tax than 1% turnover.
For comprehensive support with Armenian entity setup, business registration, and tax structuring, visit our Business Registration Services page.
Documentation and Compliance Checklist
Use this pre-filing checklist to keep your package audit-ready:
| Item | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Armenian entity registration certificate | Proves Armenian-registered entity status |
| High-Tech Registry confirmation | Proves program enrollment |
| Shareholders’/founders’ resolution to elect turnover tax | Internal approval for the election |
| Revenue plan and contract pipeline | Shows ≥90% high-tech revenue mix |
| Chart of accounts and invoice templates | Segregates qualifying activities for monitoring |
| Revenue tracking dashboard | Monitors AMD 115M cap to avoid disqualification |
| Transfer pricing documentation (if intra-group) | Supports arm’s length arrangements |
Setup Options and Residency Considerations
Beyond the corporate rules, founders should consider immigration and personal tax implications:
- Visas and permits: Executives and key engineers may need visas or residence permits to live and work in Armenia.
- Personal and payroll taxes: Hiring locally or relocating staff triggers Armenian payroll and personal tax considerations; plan these alongside your turnover-tax election.
- Foreign specialist benefits: If relocating foreign specialists to Armenia, they may qualify for the 60% PIT reimbursement (under the general regime only) — but this requires proper visa/residency documentation.
Conclusion
If the Armenia IT incentive 1% fits your roadmap, move quickly. Incorporate an Armenian entity, align your revenue mix to the 90% high-tech test, and file the turnover-tax election by the deadline. Tight sequencing—especially for foreign-established companies—can lock in the 1% rate through 2031.
However: Don’t assume turnover tax is automatically better. For staff-intensive operations with significant Armenian payroll, the general regime with 200% salary deduction may yield lower total tax. Model both paths before committing.
FAQ
Can a foreign branch use the 1% turnover tax?
No. Only Armenian-registered entities (LLCs, JSCs) qualify. Foreign branches and permanent establishments are excluded.
What’s the deadline for new companies?
Within 20 days of state registration. Existing companies must elect by February 20 each year.
What happens if we exceed AMD 115 million mid-year?
You exit the turnover tax regime immediately and must register for VAT. You cannot return to turnover tax the following year — there’s a mandatory gap year.
Can our Armenian subsidiary use turnover tax if the foreign parent is large?
Potentially, but be careful of related party rules. The Tax Service may aggregate turnover if entities are deemed related through ownership (20%+) or behavioral factors. Clean separation and arm’s length dealings are essential.
Is the 1% rate always better than the general regime?
Not necessarily. The general regime offers 200% salary deduction, 10% PIT for R&D staff, and 60% PIT reimbursement for new hires. For staff-intensive operations, this can result in lower total tax than 1% of revenue.
