One of the biggest draws for those considering a move to Albania is the ease of access, especially for US citizens. US citizens can enter Albania without a visa and stay for up to one year without a residency permit. This extended visa-free period provides ample time to explore the country and decide whether it's the right place to settle down. If you wish to stay longer than a year, you can apply for a residence permit once you enter the country. To "restart the clock" on the one-year time limit, you must depart Albania and remain outside the country for at least 90 days.
Residency in Albania
Albania offers several pathways to obtain residency, catering to various needs and circumstances. Here's a summary of the primary routes:
Pathway | Visa Type | Residency Permit Type | Validity | Renewal | Key Requirements |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Digital Nomad | D | Unique Permit | 1 year | Renewable twice for 2 years each time | Minimum income, health insurance, proof of employment, accommodation, clean criminal record |
Family Reunification | D | A, B, or C | Varies (3 months to 2 years) | Varies | Proof of family ties, financial stability |
Real Estate Investment | D | B | 1 year | Renewable annually | Property ownership (at least 50%), financial stability |
Employment | D | B | Varies (3 months to 2 years) | Varies | Work permit, employment contract, financial stability |
Study | D | B | 1 year | Renewable | Enrollment in an Albanian educational institution, financial stability |
Marriage | D | B | Varies (3 months to 2 years) | Varies | Marriage certificate, financial stability |
Special Contributions | D | B | Varies (3 months to 2 years) | Varies | Evidence of significant contributions to the Albanian state |
General Residency Requirements
Regardless of the chosen pathway, certain general requirements apply to all residency applications:
- Valid Passport: A passport with at least three months of remaining validity.
- Visa (if required): For stays exceeding 90 days, a Type D visa is required. This long-term visa allows you to reside in Albania for more than 90 days within a 180-day period and is valid for one year.
- Financial Stability: Proof of sufficient financial resources to support yourself during your stay. This can be demonstrated through bank statements, proof of income, or a letter of support from a sponsor.
- Accommodation: Evidence of suitable accommodation in Albania, such as a lease agreement or hotel booking.
- Clean Criminal Record: A certificate of no criminal record from your country of origin, legalized for use in Albania.
- Health Insurance: A valid health insurance certificate that covers medical expenses in Albania.
- Affidavit of Eligibility: Albanian authorities require an "Affidavit of Eligibility for Residency Permit in the Republic of Albania," a sworn statement regarding criminal history and other details notarized by a consular officer at the US Embassy in Tirana.
Digital Nomad Visa

Albania's digital nomad visa, officially referred to as the "unique permit," is a particularly attractive option for remote workers seeking a low-cost and flexible lifestyle. The minimum income requirement of $315 per month is relatively low compared to other digital nomad visa programs, making Albania an accessible destination for those starting their remote work journey.
Permanent Residency
After maintaining legal residency in Albania for five consecutive years, foreign citizens become eligible to apply for permanent residence. Permanent residency grants individuals the right to live and work in Albania indefinitely, with access to various social benefits and public services.
Biometric Card
British citizens and potentially other foreign nationals with a valid residence permit in Albania can apply for a Biometric Card. This card, similar to the National ID Card issued to Albanian citizens, enables registration on the e-Albania platform, providing access to various online government services.
Citizenship in Albania
Once you have established residency and lived in Albania for a specific duration, you may be eligible to apply for citizenship. Here are the main routes to Albanian citizenship:
1. Citizenship by Descent
If you have Albanian ancestry, you can claim citizenship by descent. This applies to individuals with at least one Albanian parent, grandparent, or great-grandparent. The process involves providing documentation to prove your lineage and fulfilling any other requirements.
2. Citizenship by Naturalization
Foreigners who have legally resided in Albania for a continuous period can apply for citizenship by naturalization. The general requirements include:
- Age: Be at least 18 years old.
- Residency: Have lived in Albania for a minimum of five years.
- Language Proficiency: Possess basic knowledge of the Albanian language.
- Financial Stability: Have sufficient means to support yourself.
- Clean Criminal Record: Have no criminal convictions with sentences of three or more years.
The residency requirement can be reduced to three years for those with Albanian ancestry or one year for those married to an Albanian citizen for at least three years.
3. Citizenship by Investment
While not a widely publicized route, Albania offers a potential path to citizenship through investment. This involves making a substantial financial contribution to the country's economy, typically through investments in real estate, government bonds, or businesses.
4. Citizenship by Adoption
Children adopted by Albanian citizens acquire Albanian citizenship. If only one adoptive parent is Albanian, both parents must agree to the child's acquisition of citizenship.
Dual Citizenship
Albanian law allows dual citizenship, meaning you do not have to renounce your current citizenship to become an Albanian citizen. This can be a significant advantage for those who wish to maintain ties to their home country while enjoying the benefits of Albanian citizenship.
Cost of Living in Albania

One of the most appealing aspects of living in Albania is its low cost of living. Compared to many Western European countries, expenses for housing, food, transportation, and entertainment are significantly lower.
Expense Category | Average Cost in Tirana | Average Cost in Other Cities/Towns |
---|---|---|
1-bedroom apartment rent | €350-€570 | Generally lower |
Meal at a local restaurant | €5-€15 | Generally lower |
Loaf of bread | €1 | Generally lower |
Carton of milk | €1.7 | Generally lower |
Public transportation (bus fare) | €0.35 | Varies |
To illustrate the affordability of Albania, consider this: food costs in Albania are about 39% cheaper than in Germany, while restaurant prices can be up to 51% lower. Overall, the cost of living in Albania is estimated to be around 46% less than in Germany.
Benefits of Living in Albania
Beyond the low cost of living, Albania offers numerous benefits:
- Natural Beauty: From pristine beaches along the Adriatic coast to the rugged mountains of the Accursed Mountains, Albania boasts diverse and breathtaking landscapes.
- Rich Culture: With a history spanning millennia, Albania has a vibrant cultural heritage, evident in its ancient ruins, historical sites, and traditional festivals.
- Friendly Locals: Albanians are known for their warm hospitality and welcoming nature, making it easy for newcomers to feel at home.
- Mediterranean Climate: The country enjoys a pleasant Mediterranean climate with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers.
- Growing Expat Community: Albania has a growing expat community, providing support and social opportunities for newcomers.
Challenges of Living in Albania
While Albania offers many advantages, there are also some challenges to consider:
- Language Barrier: While English is spoken in tourist areas and among younger generations, learning Albanian is essential for full integration into Albanian society.
- Limited Job Opportunities: The unemployment rate in Albania is relatively high, and finding employment can be challenging, especially for foreigners.
- Infrastructure: While improving, Albania's infrastructure may not be as developed as in some other European countries. Public transportation, particularly between cities, can be unreliable, and the healthcare system, though affordable, may lack modern equipment.
- Property Prices: Despite the low overall cost of living, property prices in Tirana, the capital, have been on the rise due to increased investment and development.
- Chaotic Driving: Driving in Albania can be challenging due to heavy traffic and sometimes erratic driving habits.
- Healthcare: While healthcare is affordable, the quality and availability of services may be limited, especially in rural areas.
- Import Taxes and Limited Goods: High import taxes can make it expensive to ship goods from abroad, and the availability of certain products may be limited compared to other European countries.
Conclusion
Albania presents a compelling opportunity for those seeking a low-cost lifestyle in a beautiful and culturally rich country. The ease of access for US citizens, the availability of a digital nomad visa, and the relatively straightforward pathways to residency and citizenship make Albania an attractive destination for expats and remote workers.
For those seeking a low-cost lifestyle, the digital nomad visa and real estate investment options stand out as particularly appealing routes to residency. These pathways offer flexibility and the potential for long-term settlement in Albania.
While challenges such as the language barrier, limited job opportunities, and developing infrastructure exist, the benefits of Albania's low cost of living, stunning natural beauty, rich culture, and welcoming locals often outweigh these drawbacks.
If you're considering a move to Albania, be sure to research the specific requirements for your chosen residency or citizenship pathway and prepare accordingly. The e-Albania government portal is a valuable resource for accessing information and services related to immigration and residency.
Albania is a country with immense potential and a growing expat community. With careful planning and an open mind, you can embrace the Albanian lifestyle and enjoy all that this hidden gem has to offer.

Lusine Sargsyan
Attorney