Armenian Citizenship: Apply in Armenia or Embassy Abroad?

Armenia offers a straightforward path to citizenship for both its diaspora and foreign residents, with the option to apply either inside Armenia or through an Armenian embassy/consulate abroad. This article provides a comprehensive, up-to-date comparison of the two submission processes – detailing eligibility categories (by descent, naturalization, repatriation, special merit, dual citizenship), step-by-step application guides, required documentation, timelines, fees, and practical tips. Whether you’re an expat living in Yerevan, a diasporan Armenian applying for dual citizenship, or a legal professional advising a client, this guide will clarify the Armenian citizenship application procedure and help you decide between applying in-country versus at an embassy overseas.

Overview: Armenian Citizenship Application Options

Where to Apply: Applications for Armenian citizenship must be submitted in person by the applicant. There are two official channels:

• In Armenia (In-Country): Submit directly to the Migration and Citizenship Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Armenia​. This is the route for those physically present in Armenia.

• Abroad (Embassy/Consulate): Submit at the respective Embassy or Consulate of Armenia in your country of residence​. The diplomatic mission will forward your application to Armenia for processing.

Both channels ultimately converge – all citizenship decisions are made in Yerevan and finalized by a decree of the President of Armenia​. However, there are important procedural differences between applying in Armenia vs. through an embassy, which we will compare in detail. First, let’s understand who is eligible and the types of Armenian citizenship applications available.

Eligibility and Types of Armenian Citizenship Applications

Armenia’s citizenship law outlines several eligibility categories under which an adult (18+) may apply for citizenship. Meeting any one of these criteria can qualify you for Armenian citizenship, and certain categories enjoy simplified requirements (especially for diaspora Armenians). Below are the main routes to citizenship:

Citizenship by Descent (Ethnic Armenian Ancestry)

Ethnic Armenians – i.e. those of Armenian descent – are immediately eligible for Armenian citizenship, without any prior residency requirement in Armenia​. This route is particularly designed for the Armenian diaspora (“Spyurk”). Key points:

• Who qualifies: If you can prove at least one ancestor is Armenian (for example, one parent, grandparent of Armenian ethnicity). An Armenian surname or self-identification alone is not enough; you need official evidence of Armenian heritage​.

• Documentation of ancestry: Accepted proofs include baptism certificates indicating Armenian ethnicity, birth certificates or passports of a parent/grandparent showing Armenian origin, or documents from competent foreign authorities explicitly stating Armenian descent​. These documents must be properly authenticated (apostilled or legalized) and translated into Armenian​. Practical tip: Many diaspora applicants use church baptism records or immigration documents to establish ancestry. Ensure to obtain an apostille or consular legalization on these documents in the country of issuance and have them translated into Armenian, as Armenian authorities strictly require this​.

• Language or residency requirements: No Armenian language test or residency in Armenia is required for citizenship by descent​. This is a simplified path – ethnic Armenian applicants are exempt from the usual 3-year residency and the Constitution test that apply to other naturalization cases.

This “diaspora citizenship Armenia” route is very popular. Many Armenians abroad obtain dual citizenship through this process, gaining an Armenian passport while retaining their original nationality (Armenia permits dual citizenship).

Citizenship by Naturalization (Long-Term Residence in Armenia)

Foreign nationals (non-Armenian by ethnicity) can pursue Armenian citizenship through naturalization, which requires establishing residency in Armenia. The standard requirements under Article 13 of the citizenship law are: at least 3 years of permanent, lawful residence in Armenia, proficiency in the Armenian language, and familiarity with the Armenian Constitution​. Note: While language proficiency is encouraged, there is no formal language exam. However, naturalization applicants are required to complete the application form in Armenian and take the Constitution test in Armenian.

• Residency requirement: You must have lived in Armenia lawfully for at least 3 years prior to applying. Typically this means holding a temporary or permanent residence permit. Proof such as residency cards and registration may be required. Note: Applications based purely on the 3-year residency must be submitted inside Armenia and cannot be processed through an embassy​.

• Language and Constitution knowledge: Unlike ethnic Armenian applicants, naturalization candidates are expected to demonstrate ability to communicate in Armenian and knowledge of the Constitution. This is assessed by a test of 33 multiple-choice questions on the Constitution​. Scoring above 50% is considered a pass (answering >17 out of 33 correctly). The test is usually administered in Armenian; however, if you can read and answer the questions yourself, that inherently proves your Armenian language ability​.

• Exceptions: Certain applicants can bypass the full 3-year residency requirement (e.g. marriage to an Armenian citizen, etc.). Also, those with “special merit” to Armenia may be exempt entirely.

Citizenship by Marriage to an Armenian Citizen

If you are married to an Armenian citizen, you may qualify for a fast-tracked naturalization. The law allows an applicant to bypass the 3-year residency if married to a citizen of Armenia for at least 2 years, with at least 1 year of residence in Armenia during those two years​. In practice:

• You need to show a registered marriage (Armenian marriage certificate or foreign certificate recognized in Armenia) to a citizen spouse, and proof that you lived in Armenia for at least a total of 365 days in the last 2 years prior to application​. This could be continuous or cumulative. Residence permits, entry/exit stamps, or registrations can serve as evidence.

• If you meet the above, the Constitution test requirements are waived as well​. In other words, spouse applicants follow a simplified procedure just like ethnic Armenians – they are not required to prove Armenian language proficiency in order to naturalize​.

• Notably, having a child who is an Armenian citizen also falls under this simplified track​. For example, if you are a foreign parent of an underage Armenian citizen child, you may be eligible for citizenship without the 3-year wait. The MFA officially lists “having a parent or a child who is a citizen of RA” as a standalone eligibility clause​ – meaning if your immediate family member is an Armenian citizen, you can apply on that basis. This was a recent amendment to help families unify citizenship status​. In such cases, at least one personal visit to Armenia might still be needed for paperwork or the oath, but the law itself does not require lengthy prior residence.

This route is common for foreign spouses of Armenians and ensures families can share the same citizenship. It’s an example of Armenia’s “repatriation” policy – encouraging those with Armenian family ties to join the citizenry with minimal hurdles.

Citizenship by Repatriation (Former Citizens, Ancestral Ties, Refugees)

“Repatriation” in the Armenian context refers to restoring or granting citizenship to those with historical or family ties to Armenia or those displaced and seeking refuge. Several eligibility categories fall here:

• Former Armenian Citizens (Reacquisition): If you previously held Armenian citizenship (or USSR citizenship with Armenian connection) and renounced it after 1 January 1995, you can re-apply to regain citizenship. This is intended for members of the Armenian diaspora who gave up Armenian citizenship in the past (perhaps when acquiring another nationality) and now wish to reinstate it. The process is simplified – no residency or language test required by law​. Many dual citizenship applicants in the diaspora use this clause since Armenia legalized dual citizenship in 2007 and onward. Important: Armenia does not automatically lose your citizenship if you acquire another or declare renunciation; the loss only occurs when a formal renunciation application is decreed by the President. Thus, if you simply took another citizenship but never officially renounced Armenian citizenship, you might still be an Armenian citizen and would instead need a certificate of citizenship status rather than a new naturalization.

• Parent Born in Armenia or Former Citizen: If at least one of your parents was an Armenian citizen in the past or was born on the territory of Armenia, and you apply within 3 years after turning 18, you are eligible for citizenship​. Additionally, the law requires that you have lived in Armenia for at least 1 year in this scenario​. This category covers young adults of Armenian lineage (whose parents might have been citizens or born in Armenia) who return to Armenia to settle – a form of repatriation.

• Refugees and Stateless Persons: Individuals recognized as refugees in Armenia or those who are stateless and residing in Armenia can apply for citizenship under simplified terms​. Typically, one year of residence after refugee status recognition is sufficient. In late 2023, for example, thousands of ethnic Armenian refugees from Nagorno-Karabakh were fast-tracked for Armenian citizenship under this provision​. Refugee applicants are exempt from application fees and many requirements as a humanitarian consideration​.

These repatriation pathways underscore Armenia’s commitment to welcome diaspora Armenians and those with historical ties. Essentially, if Armenia is part of your personal or family history – either through ancestry, past citizenship, or refuge – the law provides a facilitated route to make you an Armenian citizen. Often, no language or lengthy residency is required in such cases​. The main requirement is proving the qualifying condition (e.g. former citizenship, parentage, refugee status) with proper documents.

Citizenship by Special Merit (Exceptional Services)

In rare cases, Armenia grants citizenship to individuals who have provided exceptional services or contributions to the country, even if they do not meet the standard criteria. This is sometimes informally called “citizenship by presidential decree” or special merit. Examples might include foreign investors, renowned artists, athletes, or benefactors who significantly contribute to Armenia’s development or international standing.

• No standard requirements: This category is an explicit exception in the law – the applicant need not fulfill the 3-year residency or Constitution test​ if the government deems their merits extraordinary. Essentially, it is a discretionary honor conferred by the President of Armenia for the benefit of the nation.

• Process: Usually, such cases are initiated or endorsed by a government body. The individual may still submit an application (often in Armenia) but would include documentation of their contributions (awards, letters of recommendation, etc.). All citizenships, including these, require a Presidential decree​; in special merit cases, the decree is based on the exception allowed by law for notable contributions​.

• Examples: While specific cases are not always public, Armenia has, for instance, granted citizenship to certain foreign-born philanthropists and community figures of Armenian heritage who didn’t have formal Armenian ancestry documentation or residency, in recognition of their service.

Special merit grants are relatively uncommon. Most readers of this guide will fall under the earlier categories (descent, naturalization, family ties). However, it’s good to know that this avenue exists for unique circumstances.

Dual Citizenship in Armenia – Key Considerations

Armenia allows dual citizenship, meaning you do not have to give up your current citizenship to become an Armenian citizen​. This policy, adopted in 2007, has been a game-changer for the Armenian diaspora. Here are important points regarding dual nationality:

• An Armenian dual citizen enjoys the same rights and bears the same responsibilities as any other Armenian citizen inside Armenia. This includes voting rights, the right to hold property and employment, and eligibility for public services.

• No automatic loss: Gaining a second citizenship does not cause you to lose Armenian citizenship, and vice versa – renouncing Armenian citizenship requires a formal process and presidential approval​. So, for example, an American-Armenian who naturalizes as an Armenian can keep their U.S. passport. Similarly, an Armenian citizen who naturalizes elsewhere remains Armenian unless they proactively renounce it.

• Military service: One important consideration for dual citizens (especially diasporan males): Armenia has mandatory military service for male citizens aged 18–27. Typically, dual citizens who have not resided in Armenia before age 27 are not drafted, but those who move to Armenia long-term should consult on their status. There are legal provisions to address military obligations of dual citizens (including potential exemption fees for those who missed service due to living abroad). If you are of draft age and planning to live in Armenia or frequently visit, it’s wise to get legal advice on this matter.

• Passport use: After obtaining citizenship, you can apply for an Armenian passport which facilitates travel (visa-free access to certain countries like Russia, Iran, etc.). Armenia does not require you to enter/exit with an Armenian passport, but having one can be convenient. Many dual citizens use their Armenian passport when traveling to countries that have better visa terms for Armenians.

Overall, Armenian dual citizenship is straightforward and encouraged for those eligible – it’s a central theme of Armenia’s outreach to its worldwide diaspora. Next, we will delve into the step-by-step submission process, first for applications made inside Armenia, and then for those made at embassies/consulates abroad, followed by a side-by-side comparison of the two methods.

Applying for Armenian Citizenship Inside Armenia (Step-by-Step Guide)

If you are currently in Armenia – whether as a resident expat, a repatriate who moved back, or even a short-term visitor ready to submit paperwork – you can apply directly to Armenian authorities in-country. The Migration and Citizenship Service (MCS) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs handles all citizenship applications domestically (this service was formerly under the Police Passport and Visa Department, but as of 2023 it operates within the Ministry of Internal Affairs). Below is a detailed walkthrough of the in-country application process:

Step 1: Determine Your Eligibility Category

Before anything, confirm under which legal basis you are applying (from the categories above). This will affect which documents you need. For example, are you applying as an ethnic Armenian from the diaspora? As a spouse of a citizen? As a long-term resident? Clearly identify this, as you’ll need to indicate it on your application form and prepare evidence accordingly.

Step 2: Gather Required Documents

Prepare all necessary documents for your application. In Armenia, you will need to submit originals plus copies (with Armenian translations where needed) of various civil documents. Key documents include​:

• Completed Application Form (Questionnaire) – This is a standard citizenship application form. You can download it in advance​ or obtain a copy at the MCS office. It’s typically to be filled out in Armenian; if you’re not comfortable with the language, you can get help from a translator or the officers.

• Valid Passport of Your Current Nationality – You must present your foreign passport (or other ID if stateless) and submit a photocopy of it. If your name in the passport is different due to marriage or other changes, bring those documents (e.g. marriage certificate) as well.

• Birth Certificate – Original and copy​. This establishes your identity from birth and parental info.

• Passport/ID of Armenian Relative (if applying via family ties) – If your basis is having a parent/child who is an Armenian citizen, you should include a copy of that relative’s Armenian passport or ID to prove the relationship​. Likewise, if applying as a former citizen, documents of your prior Armenian citizenship (old passport or certificate) should be provided.

• Marriage Certificate – If your surname changed due to marriage, or if applying based on marriage to an Armenian citizen, include the marriage certificate and a copy​. For spousal applications, also include a copy of your Armenian spouse’s passport to confirm their citizenship.

• Documents Proving Armenian Descent – For ethnic Armenian (descent) applications. As noted, acceptable documents are: baptism certificate indicating Armenian ethnicity; official document from a foreign state attesting Armenian ethnicity; or parent’s/grandparent’s birth or death certificate showing Armenian nationality​. You must also provide documents linking you to that ancestor (e.g. if using a grandparent’s document, provide your parent’s birth certificate to connect you to the grandparent)​. These chains of documents establish your Armenian lineage.

• Proof of Residency in Armenia – For those applying via residency (3-year) or other cases requiring time in Armenia. Provide your residence card or any proof of legal stay (temporary or permanent residence permit) to cover the required period​.

• Refugee or Stateless Status Documents – If applicable, include the refugee travel document or the certificate of statelessness​ that shows your legal status in Armenia.

• Photographs – Passport-sized photos. Armenia requires 6 color photos of 35 x 45 mm​ for the citizenship application. These should be recent (taken within the last 6 months).

• State Fee Receipt – Before submitting, you need to pay the state fee and attach the payment receipt. As of early 2025, the fee for applying is AMD 1,000 (about $3)​. Note: A law is being adopted to raise this to AMD 50,000 (~$125) in the near future​. Check the latest fee at time of application. Payment is typically made via a local bank or online payment system (e-payments.am), and the receipt (or e-receipt printout) is submitted with your file.

Translation & Legalization: All foreign-issued documents (birth, marriage, etc.) must be translated into Armenian and properly authenticated​. Usually, this means getting an apostille (for documents from countries in the Hague Apostille Convention) or consular legalization from an Armenian embassy if apostille is not applicable, then having an Armenian-certified translation attached. You can arrange translations in Armenia via licensed notary translators, but ensure you apostille the documents before coming to Armenia if possible – it’s a common pitfall that diaspora Armenians arrive with documents that are not apostilled, causing delays​. In short: prepare your paperwork meticulously – complete, translated, and legalized – to avoid multiple trips.

Step 3: Schedule an Appointment (if required) or Visit MCS Office

The Migration and Citizenship Service (MCS) is headquartered in Yerevan. It’s advisable to schedule an appointment to submit your application, although walk-in service may be available for citizenship applications. As of 2024, Armenia has introduced an online platform for migration services (migration.e-gov.am) which allows for online booking of appointments​. Alternatively, you can call the MCS office or visit in person during working hours (typically weekdays 9:00–18:00) to get a queue number.

Tip: If you’re already in Armenia on a short trip just to apply, try to contact MCS in advance to confirm any new procedures or to reserve a submission slot. The volume of applications has grown (over 20,000 citizenship applications were filed in 2024 alone​), so scheduling helps ensure you’re seen without long waits.

Step 4: Submit Your Application In Person

On the day of your appointment/visit, go to the MCS office with your prepared document file. Key things to expect:

• Identity verification: Present your passport (the officer will verify your identity and check that you are applying yourself – applications must be submitted personally).

• Document check: An MCS officer will review your application form and all supporting documents. They will check that copies match originals, translations are attached, fees are paid, photos meet requirements, etc. If anything is missing or incorrect, you’ll be asked to provide the necessary documents (they might accept missing papers later, but it’s best to have everything at once to avoid delays).

• Application form completion: If you haven’t filled the form beforehand, you may complete it on the spot. The form will ask for personal details, the basis of your application (which eligibility clause you fulfill), and a brief biographical information. MCS staff can assist if you have language difficulty.

• Fingerprinting/biometrics: In some cases, they may take your fingerprints or photo for their records (especially if you don’t already have any record in Armenia’s system).

• Interview/questions: There isn’t a formal interview like some countries have, but the officer may ask basic questions to confirm details (for example, to clarify your family tree if applying by descent, or your time in Armenia if by residency). This is usually conversational and not a test – the main “test” is the Constitution exam described next.

Once the application is submitted and accepted, you will get a registration number or receipt. Within two working days, the MCS will schedule your Constitution knowledge test​, which is the next step.

Step 5: Take the Constitution Knowledge Test

Armenian citizenship applicants (18 and older) are required to demonstrate familiarity with the Constitution of the Republic of Armenia. In practice, this is done via a written multiple-choice test administered by MCS. Here’s how it works in-country:

• After your documents are in order, the MCS will give you a date (usually within 2 business days of application submission) to come in for the test​. Sometimes this could even be the same day if time permits, or the next day.

• The test consists of 33 questions about the Armenian Constitution and basic laws​. Each question has 3 answer options, of which one is correct. The questions cover topics like the structure of government, citizens’ rights and duties, national symbols, etc.

• You take the test on the spot, typically on paper. You have one hour to complete it, but most find that sufficient.

• Passing criteria: If you answer more than half of the questions correctly (i.e., at least 17 out of 33 right), you are deemed to be familiar with the Constitution​. This also doubles as proof of language ability if you completed it unaided​.

• Language assistance: If you do not read Armenian well, you are allowed to have a representative assist you during the test​, if you’re applying on the ground of having Armenian child or being married to an Armenian. This means someone (perhaps a translator or attorney) can translate the questions for you and even mark answers on your behalf as you instruct. Important: Ethnic Armenian, spouse, or other simplified-category applicants are not required to pass the test. In contrast, a standard naturalization applicant would need to pass (which, if they can’t without help, indicates they may not meet the language requirement – they can retake the test multiple times if needed).

• If you don’t pass on the first try and you do need to pass (i.e., you’re a foreigner under the 3-year rule or similar), they typically allow you to retake the test the next day or on another day soon after. You can retake as many times as necessary; there’s no limit other than delays it may cause​.

Most applicants find the test manageable, especially since a majority of categories (diaspora, spouses, etc.) don’t need a perfect score. Study tip: If you want to prepare, you can review a summary of the Armenian government structure and key constitutional points. There are 33 fixed questions, so a bit of review can ensure you answer at least half correctly.

Step 6: Application Processing and Background Checks

Once your documentation and test are completed, your application enters the processing stage. You generally do not need to be physically present in Armenia during this phase – many applicants return home or go about their life and wait for the decision. Here’s what happens behind the scenes:

• The MCS (Migration and Citizenship Service) compiles your application file, including your documents and test result.

• The file is forwarded to the National Security Service (NSS) for a background check. The NSS has up to 15 working days to provide its conclusion​. They will check for any security concerns, criminal records, or other issues (for instance, ensuring you’re not a threat to public security, which is a ground for rejection). In most cases, this is a formality unless there is something unusual in your background. If extra investigation is needed, the NSS can extend their review by an additional 10 days​.

• In parallel, if you applied in Armenia, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) is usually not involved (MFA involvement is for embassy submissions). Since you applied directly to MCS, the communication is internal between MCS (Internal Affairs) and NSS, etc.

• After receiving NSS clearance, the MCS prepares a report and recommendation on your case. This step can take up to 25 working days​. Essentially, the MCS is getting everything ready for final decision, confirming you meet the criteria, and drafting the decree proposal.

By law, the entire process of obtaining citizenship in Armenia should be completed within 90 working days (approx. 4 months) from the date of application submission​. In practice, many applicants see results sooner – about 2.5 to 4 months is common if all paperwork is in order. For example, one Armenian diaspora applicant (ethnic Armenian from Russia) who applied in Yerevan was granted citizenship in roughly three months​. However, delays can occur if additional documents are required or if there’s a surge in applications. The Migration and Citizenship Service had a high volume in 2024, so processing times can fluctuate. It’s always okay to politely inquire with MCS if the 90-working-day mark has passed.

Step 7: Presidential Decree and Decision

The final approval for Armenian citizenship comes from the President of the Republic. Once MCS has processed your case, it sends the file to the Office of the President for signing the citizenship decree​. The President (or their office) reviews the list of applicants and, assuming all is in order, signs a decree granting citizenship to you (among others). These decrees are typically issued regularly (often monthly or bi-monthly).

• If, for some reason, your application is rejected, it is usually because the NSS or another body raised a serious issue (e.g., concerns of state security, criminal history, false documents). Rejections are not common for straightforward cases. If rejected, you would be notified in writing and given a reason. The law allows you to appeal a refusal in Administrative Court within 2 months. But again, bona fide applicants rarely face rejection – Armenia approved over 18,000 of ~20,000 applications in 2024​, a very high approval rate.

• Assuming approval, your citizenship is considered granted on the date of the President’s decree. The MCS will then invite you to complete the final formalities (the oath ceremony).

Step 8: Oath of Allegiance Ceremony

New citizens of Armenia are required to take an Oath of Allegiance to the Republic of Armenia. This is a brief but meaningful ceremony where you swear loyalty to the country and promise to uphold its laws. For in-country applicants:

• The MCS or local authorities will schedule a swearing-in ceremony for you. Sometimes these are done individually at the MCS office; other times a group of new citizens may be invited together. The invitation will include the time and place.

• At the ceremony, you will recite an oath. The text of the oath (in Armenian) is: “I, (name, surname), becoming a citizen of the Republic of Armenia, swear to be loyal to the Republic of Armenia, to abide by the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Armenia, and to defend the independence and territorial integrity of the Republic of Armenia. I pledge to respect the state language, the national culture, and the traditions of the Republic of Armenia.”​. You will also sign a document with this oath, which is kept on record​.

• This oath is typically administered by an official, and once you sign it, you are officially a citizen of Armenia. You may receive a citizenship certificate or a copy of the signed oath/decree as proof.

Congratulations – at this point you have obtained Armenian citizenship! The oath ceremony is usually the final requirement.

Step 9: Obtaining Your Armenian Passport and Documents

After the oath, you can proceed to get an Armenian passport (and ID card, if you plan to reside in Armenia). The passport is not issued automatically; you must apply for it as a citizen. For those in Armenia, you would apply at the Passport and Visa Department or Police offices (or through the MCS service centers). It requires filling out a passport application, providing new photos, and paying the passport issuance fee. If you became a citizen and are leaving Armenia, you could also choose to apply for the passport later at an Armenian embassy abroad. Just keep your citizenship certificate or oath document as proof in the meantime.

Until you have an Armenian passport, your proof of citizenship is the certificate or notification you received. Keep it safely. Also, consider registering with the Armenian consular service if you reside abroad (consular registration is free​ and helps you get services).

Applying for Armenian Citizenship Through an Embassy/Consulate (Abroad)

For those who cannot travel to Armenia or prefer to handle the process from their home country, Armenia’s diplomatic missions abroad provide a consular service to accept citizenship applications. The core requirements (eligibility, documents needed, etc.) are the same as in-country, but the process has some additional steps and a longer timeline due to overseas handling. Below is how to apply for Armenian citizenship at an embassy or consulate, step by step:

Step 1: Contact the Armenian Embassy or Consulate

First, identify which Armenian embassy or consulate is appropriate for your location. You should apply at the embassy/consulate that has jurisdiction over your place of residence (for example, Armenian Consulate General in Los Angeles for U.S. West Coast, Embassy in Paris for France, etc.). The list of Armenian diplomatic missions is on the MFA website​.

Schedule an Appointment: Nearly all embassies and consulates require an appointment for citizenship applications, as it involves an interview and document verification. Check the embassy’s website or call/email them to learn the procedure for making an appointment. Some have online booking systems, while others handle appointments via email or phone. It’s wise to mention that you wish to apply for citizenship, so they allot sufficient time (the appointment may take 30–60 minutes).

Step 2: Prepare Your Documents (Same Requirements Apply)

Gather the same set of documents as listed in the in-country section. The documentation requirements do not change when applying abroad – you will need your application form, passport copy, birth certificate, proof of Armenian descent or other eligibility proofs, photos, etc., all translated into Armenian and apostilled/legalized properly​. In fact, preparing documents is even more crucial when applying abroad, because if something is missing, you’ll have to make another appointment; you can’t just “come back tomorrow easily” as you might in Yerevan. So double-check everything:

• Download and fill out the citizenship application form if available from the embassy website (or they will provide it to you at the appointment). Filling it in advance (in Armenian, if possible) can save time.

• Ensure you have the required passport photos (ask the embassy if they have specific photo guidelines, but generally 35×45 mm is standard).

• Get all civil documents apostilled by the relevant authority in the country that issued them. For example, your birth certificate from the U.S. should have an apostille from the state’s Secretary of State. Then get them translated into Armenian. Some embassies may accept documents in English and do the translation themselves for a fee, but confirm ahead – officially, Armenian translation is required.

• State fee payment: Some embassies might ask you to pay the application fee via bank transfer or money order in the local currency equivalent. Others use the online e-payments system. The fee is the same (AMD 1,000, which is just a few dollars; some embassies round it to e.g. $3 or €3). The MFA’s consular fees schedule (effective Jan 2025) lists the fee for “acquiring citizenship” as AMD 1,000 (approx $3). You can usually pay this on the spot at the embassy cashier or via an online link​– confirm payment methods in advance from the embassy’s site. If the new fee increase comes into effect, you’d be informed to pay the higher amount (e.g. AMD 50,000) accordingly.

Step 3: Attend the Appointment and Submit Application at the Consulate

On the day of your appointment, arrive at the embassy/consulate with all your documents neatly organized. Here’s what will happen:

• Identification & Security: You’ll go through security at the embassy and present your ID. Once inside, a consular officer will handle your case.

• Document intake: The officer will review your application form and all documents. They will check that translations and apostilles are proper (embassy staff are trained to verify this). If you are missing an apostille or a translation, they might accept the document but hold your application until you provide the missing element – or they may ask you to come back. It’s at their discretion, so it’s best to have everything right the first time.

• Interview: In most cases, the consular officer will conduct a brief interview or discussion as part of the submission. This is partly to fill in any gaps in the application and partly to administer the Constitution test. The interview is usually informal. For example, if you’re applying by descent, they might ask about your Armenian ancestry, how you obtained the documents, etc. If by marriage, they might ask how long you’ve been married, if your spouse is registered with the consulate, etc. This is not an interrogation – it’s to ensure your file is complete and you understand the process. The officer may speak with you in Armenian if you’re fluent, or in English/Russian/another language depending on your comfort (embassy staff often speak the local language or English). There is no separate language exam beyond the Constitution questions; if you converse in another language, it’s fine, as long as your eligibility is clear.

• Constitution test at the embassy: Yes, you will still need to do the 33-question test on the Armenian Constitution even when applying abroad. The embassy will provide the test (often a paper with the questions in Armenian). What typically happens is the consular officer might go through the test with you verbally – especially if you don’t read Armenian. They might ask you the questions orally (possibly translating to your language) and record your answers. In some consulates, they simply hand you the form and give you time to fill it out (with or without assistance, as needed). The procedure is meant to mirror the in-country test. Don’t be intimidated by this; consular officials frequently help diaspora applicants through it. They will note the result (how many correct) to include in your file. Remember, if you’re an ethnic Armenian or other simplified category, a low score will not derail your application – the officer knows this but still has to administer the test for formality.

• Signing and submission: You will sign the application form and perhaps an oath statement (some embassies have you pre-sign an oath that you will later reaffirm) in the presence of the consular officer. By signing, you affirm all info is true. The officer then officially accepts your application for processing. They will give you a reference number or receipt for the documents and fee paid.

After this appointment, your part of submission is done. The embassy will take it from here.

Step 4: Embassy Forwards Your Application to Armenia

The consulate will send your application package to the authorities in Yerevan. The chain is as follows: the Embassy/Consulate sends it to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) in Yerevan (typically within 10 working days of your submission). The MFA then forwards it to the Migration and Citizenship Service (Ministry of Internal Affairs) within 3 working days​. In other words, about 2–3 weeks of transit/administrative time is added for embassy applications versus local ones. During this time, you generally won’t hear anything – it’s just your papers moving through channels.

Once the MCS (Internal Affairs) receives your file (with the test results and all documents), the processing steps are identical to those described in the in-country process (Step 6 above). The NSS will do background checks, MCS will prepare the case, and it will go to the President for decision. The 90 working day clock starts from the date the application is received by MCS (not from when you submitted at the embassy)​. So, expect roughly 3–5 months from the date of your embassy submission for the whole process to complete. It could be a bit longer than if you applied in Yerevan, due to the extra mailing steps at start and finish. Plan for possibly 4–6 months in total when applying via an embassy, though some cases finish in 3–4 months.

Step 5: Approval and Oath at the Embassy

When a decision is made on your case, the Armenian authorities will notify the embassy/consulate, who will in turn contact you. If approved, you will be invited to come to the embassy to take the oath of allegiance and finalize the process (if rejected, you would be informed of the reason and the procedure to appeal, if applicable). For approvals:

• The embassy will schedule a time for you to come for the citizenship oath ceremony. This might be just you individually, or if there are multiple new citizens in that consular jurisdiction around the same time, they may do a group oath ceremony. Some embassies hold periodic oath ceremonies for new citizens.

• At the appointment, you will take the same Oath of Allegiance as described earlier, swearing loyalty to the Republic of Armenia and signing the oath statement​. A consular officer will administer the oath. Even if you signed an oath form during initial submission, you typically need to recite and re-sign in the presence of a consular officer after the citizenship is granted (this confirms your acceptance of citizenship).

• After the oath, the consulate will provide you with documentation that you are now an Armenian citizen. This could be a certificate of citizenship or simply a certified copy of the Presidential decree or order that includes your name. They will also update their records to show you as an Armenian citizen (and if you wish, they can immediately do your consular registration as an Armenian citizen).

Step 6: Obtaining Your Armenian Passport from the Embassy

With citizenship granted and oath taken, you are eligible to apply for an Armenian passport right at the embassy/consulate. You do not need to travel to Armenia just to get the passport. The passport application at the embassy will require: passport application form, your new citizen certificate/decree copy, photos, and the passport fee. Many embassies have biometric equipment to capture your photo and fingerprints for the biometric passport. The fee for a 10-year passport issued abroad is usually around $160 (AMD 65,000 equivalent)​, plus mailing costs. Processing time can range from 4 to 8 weeks since passports are printed in Armenia and sent to the embassy. Alternatively, if you plan to visit Armenia soon after getting citizenship, you could do the passport there in faster time (it can be expedited in a few days for a higher fee inside Armenia). For most, applying at the consulate is most convenient – just note the waiting time.

Congratulations – once you have taken the oath and applied for your passport, you have completed the overseas citizenship process. You are now a dual citizen (if you kept your original nationality) of Armenia. Remember to maintain contact with your local Armenian embassy as a citizen, and update any address changes through consular registration.

Comparing In-Country vs. Embassy Application – Key Differences

Now that we’ve outlined both processes, let’s summarize the differences between submitting your citizenship application in Armenia versus through an Armenian embassy/consulate abroad. The following comparison table highlights the main distinctions:

Practical Tips and Real-Life Insights

To wrap up, here are some practical tips and insights gathered from officials and recent applicants to help you navigate the Armenian citizenship application process smoothly:

• Double-Check Document Requirements: As noted, lack of an apostille or missing translation is a common hiccup. One former diaspora affairs official observed that many repatriates arrived in Armenia only to discover they needed an apostille stamp on their documents​. Avoid this by carefully reading requirements (the Armenian MFA website and this guide) and preparing your documents in the exact required form. It can save you weeks of back-and-forth.

• Use Official Resources: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs consular services page (MFA.am) and the Migration and Citizenship Service website are primary sources of up-to-date info. Key information like eligibility criteria and document checklists are published there (e.g., the law references and government decision No. 1390-N detail the procedure​). Prioritize these official guidelines over hearsay. That said, information might be spread across sources, and not always in the clearest format, so…

• Consider Professional Advice for Complex Cases: If your situation is unusual (e.g., trouble proving Armenian ancestry, or concerns about name discrepancies, criminal record, etc.), consulting a legal professional or an immigration attorney in Armenia might be wise. Several law firms and organizations help diaspora with citizenship and can clarify doubts. For straightforward cases, you likely won’t need a lawyer – the process is designed to be DIY and user-friendly.

• Plan for the Oath Ceremony Timing: Keep in mind you will need to be present either in Armenia or at the embassy for the oath when the time comes. If you applied in Armenia but cannot stay for 3-4 months straight, you might travel back home and then return for the oath. The MCS will usually accommodate scheduling if you inform them of your availability. If that’s difficult, an alternative is to start the process at an embassy so you can do the oath locally. Align the method with your travel flexibility.

• Monitor the Fee Changes: The state fees are in transition. As of writing, the application fee is negligible (AMD 1,000). But with the new amendment likely taking effect in 2025, future applicants might have to pay AMD 50,000​. Similarly, renunciation will jump from AMD 25,000 to 150,000​. This is still affordable compared to many countries’ fees, but be aware of the change. Always verify the current fee on e-payments.am or with the embassy before paying.

• Expect Citizenship, then Passport: Remember that getting citizenship (the status) is one process, and obtaining an Armenian passport is a separate process that comes after citizenship is granted. Don’t assume you will walk out of the oath ceremony with a passport in hand. You’ll need to apply for the passport, submit a photo and fee, and wait for its issuance. If you urgently need to travel as an Armenian, in exceptional cases Armenia can issue a temporary document (like a certificate of return or an urgent passport) but generally plan ahead.

• Armenian ID Number: Upon becoming a citizen, you will be assigned a personal ID number (if you didn’t have one). If you plan to live in Armenia, you should get an ID card. If not, the passport is sufficient for identification.

• Rights and Duties: As a new citizen, you can immediately exercise rights like registering to vote in Armenian elections (dual citizens abroad can vote in certain elections, though practically it might require being in Armenia or at an embassy), and you assume duties such as obeying Armenian laws even when abroad, and as mentioned, potential military duty considerations for males. It’s a good idea to read the Constitution (which you likely did for the test) and familiarize yourself with basic citizen responsibilities.

• Keep Copies of Everything: Maintain a complete set of copies of the application you submitted and the documents. Once your application is approved, it might be some time before you receive any proof (aside from the oath invitation). Having copies is useful in case you need to reference what you submitted or if anything gets misplaced.

• Success Stories: Thousands of people successfully obtain Armenian citizenship every year. For instance, in 2024 alone the President signed decrees granting citizenship to over 18,000 applicants, a large portion of whom were diaspora Armenians gaining dual citizenship. Many report that the process, while bureaucratic, is quite manageable. One American-Armenian applicant who applied via an Armenian consulate described it as “paper-heavy but straightforward – the consulate guided me through each step, and about 5 months later I proudly held my Armenian passport.” The general sentiment is that Armenia wants you to succeed if you qualify, as evidenced by the high approval rates.

Conclusion

Applying for Armenian citizenship, whether in Armenia or through an embassy abroad, is a well-defined process that has become increasingly accessible to foreign nationals and diaspora Armenians. By understanding your eligibility category and preparing your documents accordingly, you can navigate the citizenship submission process in Armenia with confidence. In-country applications offer speed and direct access, whereas embassy submissions offer convenience for those abroad – ultimately, both lead to the same rewarding outcome: Armenian citizenship. Armenia’s laws in 2025 are particularly welcoming to those of Armenian heritage and family ties, reflecting a national effort to strengthen ties with the global Armenian community.

By following the step-by-step guidelines, meeting the documentation, appointment, and test requirements, and leveraging the comparative insights provided, applicants can make an informed decision on where and how to apply. Becoming an Armenian citizen is a significant step – whether it means reconnecting with your ancestral homeland, securing a second passport for global mobility, or fully settling as an expat in Armenia. With thorough preparation and the information in this guide, the path to that goal is clear and achievable.